Cardiomyopathies and valve disease Flashcards
1
Q
Cardiomyopathies
A
- disease where contraction and relaxation of the myocardial fibers is impaired
- genetic, acquired or mixed, could also be idiopathic
- overuse of alcohol.drugs, infection, muscular dystrophy
2
Q
3 primary classifications of cardiomyopathies and how they are determined
A
- Determined by EKG and heart muscle biopsy
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- restrictive cardiomyopathy
3
Q
Dilated cardiomyopathy
clinical features
A
- increase cardiac mass
- dilation of all 4 chambers
- minimal or no wall thickening
- systolic dysfunction
4
Q
How does a dilated cardiomyopathy occur
A
- mitochondrial problem within the muscle fiber
- thins out the muscle
5
Q
How does the dysfunction impact physiology during a dilated cardiomyopathy
A
- valves don’t meet = valve dysfunction and pressure changes
- ESV/ESP change
- atrium then dilates and the pressures move backward
- can sustain CO with elevated HR
- later on will need a + ionotrop to assist the workload of the heart
6
Q
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy clinical features
A
- hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle
- increase wall thickness (myocytes lay doesn’t in an asymmetrical fashion)
- no dilation
- normal or increased systolic function
- diastolic dysfunction
- may have outflow obstruction due to septum becoming enlarged
7
Q
How does the dysfunction of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy impact function?
A
- more O2 is required for more muscle but outflow gets obstructed
- blood will back up into atria
- may come with arrhythmia
- require (-) inotropic to decrease work of heart
- can remove overgrowth of the heart
8
Q
Restrictive cardiomyopathy clinical features
A
- increase stiffness of ventricular walls
- has features of both diastolic and systolic dysfunction
- heart cannot contract as well but also doesn’t relax as well
9
Q
What has been associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy
A
- amyloidosis: excess protein lay down
- post radiation
- diabetes
- fibrosis
10
Q
Heart valve disease symptoms
A
- my include chest discomfort
- SOB
- dizziness
- edema
- palpitations
- rapid weight gain from increased in fluid
11
Q
causes of heart valve disease
A
- birth defects
- infections (rheumatic fever and endocarditis)
- damage caused from other conditions
12
Q
treatment for heart valve disease
A
- valvuloplasty
- medications for symptoms
- valve repair/replacement surgery
13
Q
how does heart valve disease affect the heart
A
- when valves become stenosed, prolapsed or insufficient overall impact is more work for the PRECEDING chamber
14
Q
What is heard with a prolasped valved
A
- murmur
- due to not closing fully and letting some back flow of blood
- there is more space in the chamber below due to the valve ballooning out
15
Q
Infective endocarditis
what is it and symptoms
A
- bacterial or fungal infection on valve an prevents it from closing
- presents at first with flu like symptoms then SOB and fatigueT
