Cardiopulmonary Pathology vocab

Question 1

Atherosclerotic Heart Disease/coronary artery disease

Answer 1

progressive disease characterized by irregularly distributed lipid deposits within the medium and large arteries. Can manifest in:
1. myocardial ischemia
2. myocardial infarction
3. heart failure or congestive heart failure

Question 2

Myocardial ischemia

Answer 2

imbalance between O2 supply and O2 demand in the myocardium

Question 3

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 3

• complete interruption of blood supply to an area of the myocardium

Question 4

Heart failure or congestive heart failure

Answer 4

• is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

Question 5

Stenosis:

Answer 5

narrowed (vascular)
- valvular heart disease

Question 6

Insufficiency

Answer 6

doesn’t close or function properly
- valvular heart disease

Question 7

prolapse

Answer 7

• bulges (like a parachute) causes pressure changes within chambers of the heart or leakage of blood
• valvular heart disease

Question 8

Cardiomyopathies

Answer 8

diverse group of disease that primarily affect the heart muscle

Question 9

Myocarditis

Answer 9

inflammation of the heart muscle

Question 10

pericarditis

Answer 10

inflammation of the pericardial sac

Question 11

pericardial effusion

Answer 11

increase fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac

Question 12

infective endocarditis

Answer 12

infection of the inner layer chambers and valves

Question 13

Vascular disease - examples

Answer 13

• HTN
• aneurysm
• peripheral arterial occlusive disease/peripheral arterial disease

Question 14

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 14

• generic term that refers to lung disease that result in air trapping in the lungs causing hyperinflation of the lungs over time, a barrel-chest deformity
• types: asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis Obliterates, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis

Question 15

Restrictive pulmonary disease

Answer 15

refers to over 200 different diseases with similar features due to a loss of lung compliance

Question 16

Pulmonary vascular diseases - examples

Answer 16

• pulmonary embolism
• pulmonary HTN
• pulmonary edema

Question 17

pulmonary embolism

Answer 17

blot clot in the lung

Question 18

pulmonary HTN

Answer 18

pulmonary system is normally a very low pressure system, but if pressure exceeds 20-25 mmhG

Question 19

pulmonary edema

Answer 19

• fluid within the tissue and air spaces of the lungs

Question 20

Pneumothorax

Answer 20

• air within the pleural space that can cause a lung or a portion of a lung to collapse

Question 21

pleural effusion

Answer 21

fluid within the pleural space of the lungs

Question 22

pneumonia

Answer 22

• inflammatory infection within the lung tissue

Question 23

atelectasis

Answer 23

the collapse or closure of a portion of lung, results in reduced or absent gas exchange
- can collapse alveoli, a segment or a lobe of the lung