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PANRE > Pulm > Flashcards

Pulm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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2
Q

What antibiotic is appropriate for outpatient treatment of community acquired pneumonia?

A

Macrolide (not erythromycin) or doxycycline

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3
Q

Who is the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine recommended for?

A

Young / old, sick, sickle cell (functional asplenia), smokers, liver disease, asplenics

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4
Q

What are two buzzwords that go with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae?

A

Bullous myringitis and cold agglutinins

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5
Q

What are two buzzwords with Pneumocystis Jiroveci?

A

elevated LDH and hyper-hypoxia

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6
Q

What is a buzzword for pneumococcal pneumonia (strep pneumonia)?

A

rust-colored sputum

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7
Q

Buzzwords for Kelbsiella pneumonia?

A

ETOH abuse and currant jelly sputum

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8
Q

Most likely bug that causes pneumonia in an ETOH abuser?

A

Klebsiella

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9
Q

Most likely bug that causes pneumonia in COPD patient?

A

Haemophilus

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10
Q

Most likely bug with causes pneumonia in a cystic fibrosis patient?

A

Pseudomonas

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11
Q

Bug most likely to cause pneumonia in young adults?

A

Mycoplasma / Chlamydia

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12
Q

Bug most likely to cause pneumonia with exposure to aerosolized water?

A

Legionella

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13
Q

Bug most likely to cause pneumonia in children <1yr old?

A

RSV

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14
Q

Bug most likely to cause pneumonia in children <2yrs old?

A

Parainfluenza

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15
Q

What is the most common hospital acquired infection?

A

UTI

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16
Q

Most likely pathogen for ICU-acquired pneumonia?

A

Pseudomonas

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17
Q

What is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with HIV?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

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18
Q

What are the classic symptoms of TB?

A

fever, night sweats, weight loss

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19
Q

What are Ghon complexes (that represent healed infections)?

A

calcified primary focus in the lungs

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20
Q

What is the historical landmark of TB?

A

caseating granuloma (aka necrotizing granuloma)

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21
Q

What are the side effects of INH?

A

B6 deficiency, hepatitis, neuropathy

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22
Q

Side effects of rifampin?

A

orange skin discoloration and hepatitis

23
Q

What is NOT predictive of bacterial bronchitis?

A

sputum color

24
Q

What is leading cause of cancer death?

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

25
Q

What radiographic finding is diagnostic for epiglottitis?

A

thumbprint sign

26
Q

What radiographic finding is diagnostic for croup?

A

steeple sign

27
Q

What is the most common cause of bronchogenic cancer?

A

adenocarcinoma

28
Q

What is the treatment of choice for non-small cell cancer?

A

surgery

29
Q

Three components of asthma?

A

airflow obstruction, hyper-reactivity and inflammation

30
Q

What change in FEV1 after bronchodilation is supportive of the diagnosis of asthma?

A

10%

31
Q

Most effective anti-inflammatory for chronic asthma?

A

inhaled steroids

32
Q

Most contributing cause of COPD?

A

smoking

33
Q

What deficiency leads to COPD?

A

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

34
Q

What is the single most important intervention to help COPD?

A

stopping smoking

35
Q

What is superior to beta-agonists in achieving bronchodilation?

A

anticholinergics (ipratropium or tiotropium)

36
Q

What therapy is the only therapy that can alter the course of COPD?

A

supplemental oxygen

37
Q

What are the main symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

A 
cough
excessive sputum
sinusitis
steatorrhea
abdominal pain
38
Q

What is the gold standard for identifying a pleural effusion?

A

thoracentesis

39
Q

Most common irritants used for pleurodesis?

A

doxycycline and talc

40
Q

What type of radiology reveals pneumothorax?

A

expiratory CXR

41
Q

What are risk factors for DVT / PE?

A

Virchow’s Triad:

  • endothelial damage
  • hypercoagulable state
  • venous stasis
42
Q

Most common hypercoagulable states?

A
  • high estrogen
  • cancer
  • genetics
43
Q

Inital method for diagnosis of PE?

A

spiral CT

44
Q

When is a negative D-dimer helpful in ruling out PE?

A

with low pre-test probability

45
Q

What is the definitive test for PE?

A

Pulmonary Angiogram

46
Q

What physical findings are suggestive of Pulmonary HTN?

A
  • systolic ejection click

- splitting / accentuation of S2

47
Q

What causes pneumoconiosis?

A
  • coal dust
  • silicate
  • other inert dusts
48
Q

What is used to relieve chronic alveolitis in silicosis?

A

Steroids

49
Q

What CXR findings are seen in asbestosis?

A

pleural-based plaques

50
Q

What is the number one complication of asbestosis?

A

mesothelioma

51
Q

What disease is a multiorgan disease of idiopathic cause characterized by non-caseating granulomatous inflammation in affected organs?

A

sarcoidosis

52
Q

What is the main presentation of an aspirated foreign body?

A

choking, coughing or unexplained wheezing or hemoptysis

53
Q

What is the most common cause of respiratory disease in a pre-term infant?

A

hyaline membrane disease

54
Q

What can be used as a prophylaxis or rescue in a patient with established hyaline membrane disease?

A

exogenous surfactant

PANRE (18 decks)

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