OB GYN Flashcards
What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?
Pregnancy
What are the most common ovarian growths?
Cysts
What are the two most common causes of secondary amenorrhea in patients with normal estrogen?
Asherman Syndrome
PCOS
What is another name for gonadal dysgenesis?
Turner’s Syndrome
What lab test is diagnostic for menopause?
FSH > 30 mIU / mL (“when you see men pausing to check for fish”)
Most common presentation of leiomyomata (uterine fibroid)?
vaginal bleeding
What is recommended in most cases of leiomyomata?
observation
What is most common gynecological cancer?
Endometrial (adenocarcinoma)
What is the cardinal symptom of endometrial cancer?
vaginal bleeding
What patient population is most common in endometriosis?
nulliparous, 30 yrs old
Most common cause of androgen excess and hirsutism?
PCOS
Bilateral enlarged cystic ovaries, amenorrhea and infertility are key features of this disease?
PCOS
How will the ultrasound appear in a patient with PCOS?
“string of pearls” or “oyster ovaries”
How is infertility of PCOS treated?
Clomiphene
When is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) most common?
women in their 20s
CDC recommends which patients get HPV vaccine?
boys and girls age 11-12 (three injections over 5 months)
What kind of cancer are women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) at increased risk for?
clear cell adenocarcinoma
What bug most commonly causes mastitis?
staph aureus
What is antibiotic of choice for mastitis?
penicillinase resistant antibiotics (dicloxacillin)
Most frequent benign condition of the breast?
fibrocystic breast disease
What benign breast lesion is more common in black women?
fibroadenoma
Most common cancer in women, and what kind specifically?
Breast cancer - infiltrating ductal carcinoma
What ductal carcinoma presents with eczematous lesions of the nipple?
Paget’s disease of breast
What is best screening test for breast cancer?
Mammogram
What is the most effective form of contraception?
oral contraception
What is the black box warning for IM Depo contraception?
osteoporosis - thus it should only be used for 2yrs
Most common cause of infertility?
ovulatory disorders
Physical exam finding of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
Chandelier sign
Where should uterus be at 20 weeks gestation?
Umbilicus
When should we hear fetal heart tones?
10 weeks
What is bluish discoloration of vagina / cervix that is seen with pregnancy?
Chadwick Sign
Where are most ectopic pregnancies located?
fallopian tube
Most common cause of ectopic pregnancy?
adhesions
Classic triad of ectopic pregnancy?
unilateral abdominal pain
amenorrhea
tenderness / mass on exam
What HCG level should show evidence of an IUP?
1500 mU / mL
What patients should receive RhoGam with an abortion?
Rh negative women
How does a hydatiform mole present on ultrasound?
“grapelike vesicles” or “snow storm pattern”
Most common cause of non-congenital malformation deaths in a neonate?
preterm delivery
What is a major risk factor of premature rupture of membranes?
infection
What test can confirm rupture of membranes / spilling of amniotic fluid?
Nitrazine paper and the “fern test”
What is administered to enhance fetal lung maturity if <34 weeks old?
betamethasone
What is classic triad of pre-eclampsia?
HTN
edema
proteinuria
What is HELLP syndrome?
Hemolysis
Elevated LFTs
Low Platelets
Most common risk factor for pre-eclampsia?
nulliparity
First line medication to decrease risk of seizure in mild pre-eclampsia?
Magnesium Sulfate
Antihypertensives in pregnant patients?
Hydralazine or Labetalol
What is administered to Rh-negative pregnant females at 28 weeks?
RhoGam
Test to measure feto-maternal hemorrhage?
Kleihauer-Betke (KB) stain
What is the condition that develops if Rh-incompatibility leads to severe fetal anemia and death?
Hydrops fetalis
Most common cause of third trimester bleeding? When does it occur?
Abruptio placenta, occurs after 20wks
What is major symptom in abruptio placenta?
painful vaginal bleeding
What is contraindicated in patient with placenta previa?
digital exam
What is key difference between placenta previa and abruption?
previa is painless
What time interval is APGAR assessed?
1min and 5min
What medication decreases blood loss by stimulating contractions?
oxytocin
What is the leading indication for C-section?
dystonia
When is endometritis most common?
after C-section or PPROM >24hrs before delivery
What is first line treatment for endometritis?
Clindamycin + Gentamycin