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OB GYN Flashcards

0
Q

What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?

A

Pregnancy

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1
Q

What are the most common ovarian growths?

A

Cysts

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2
Q

What are the two most common causes of secondary amenorrhea in patients with normal estrogen?

A

Asherman Syndrome

PCOS

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3
Q

What is another name for gonadal dysgenesis?

A

Turner’s Syndrome

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4
Q

What lab test is diagnostic for menopause?

A

FSH > 30 mIU / mL (“when you see men pausing to check for fish”)

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5
Q

Most common presentation of leiomyomata (uterine fibroid)?

A

vaginal bleeding

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6
Q

What is recommended in most cases of leiomyomata?

A

observation

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7
Q

What is most common gynecological cancer?

A

Endometrial (adenocarcinoma)

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8
Q

What is the cardinal symptom of endometrial cancer?

A

vaginal bleeding

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9
Q

What patient population is most common in endometriosis?

A

nulliparous, 30 yrs old

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10
Q

Most common cause of androgen excess and hirsutism?

A

PCOS

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11
Q

Bilateral enlarged cystic ovaries, amenorrhea and infertility are key features of this disease?

A

PCOS

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12
Q

How will the ultrasound appear in a patient with PCOS?

A

“string of pearls” or “oyster ovaries”

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13
Q

How is infertility of PCOS treated?

A

Clomiphene

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14
Q

When is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) most common?

A

women in their 20s

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15
Q

CDC recommends which patients get HPV vaccine?

A

boys and girls age 11-12 (three injections over 5 months)

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16
Q

What kind of cancer are women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) at increased risk for?

A

clear cell adenocarcinoma

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17
Q

What bug most commonly causes mastitis?

A

staph aureus

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18
Q

What is antibiotic of choice for mastitis?

A

penicillinase resistant antibiotics (dicloxacillin)

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19
Q

Most frequent benign condition of the breast?

A

fibrocystic breast disease

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20
Q

What benign breast lesion is more common in black women?

A

fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Most common cancer in women, and what kind specifically?

A

Breast cancer - infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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22
Q

What ductal carcinoma presents with eczematous lesions of the nipple?

A

Paget’s disease of breast

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23
Q

What is best screening test for breast cancer?

A

Mammogram

24
Q

What is the most effective form of contraception?

A

oral contraception

25
Q

What is the black box warning for IM Depo contraception?

A

osteoporosis - thus it should only be used for 2yrs

26
Q

Most common cause of infertility?

A

ovulatory disorders

27
Q

Physical exam finding of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

A

Chandelier sign

28
Q

Where should uterus be at 20 weeks gestation?

A

Umbilicus

29
Q

When should we hear fetal heart tones?

A

10 weeks

30
Q

What is bluish discoloration of vagina / cervix that is seen with pregnancy?

A

Chadwick Sign

31
Q

Where are most ectopic pregnancies located?

A

fallopian tube

32
Q

Most common cause of ectopic pregnancy?

A

adhesions

33
Q

Classic triad of ectopic pregnancy?

A

unilateral abdominal pain
amenorrhea
tenderness / mass on exam

34
Q

What HCG level should show evidence of an IUP?

A

1500 mU / mL

35
Q

What patients should receive RhoGam with an abortion?

A

Rh negative women

37
Q

How does a hydatiform mole present on ultrasound?

A

“grapelike vesicles” or “snow storm pattern”

38
Q

Most common cause of non-congenital malformation deaths in a neonate?

A

preterm delivery

39
Q

What is a major risk factor of premature rupture of membranes?

A

infection

40
Q

What test can confirm rupture of membranes / spilling of amniotic fluid?

A

Nitrazine paper and the “fern test”

41
Q

What is administered to enhance fetal lung maturity if <34 weeks old?

A

betamethasone

42
Q

What is classic triad of pre-eclampsia?

A

HTN
edema
proteinuria

43
Q

What is HELLP syndrome?

A

Hemolysis
Elevated LFTs
Low Platelets

44
Q

Most common risk factor for pre-eclampsia?

A

nulliparity

45
Q

First line medication to decrease risk of seizure in mild pre-eclampsia?

A

Magnesium Sulfate

46
Q

Antihypertensives in pregnant patients?

A

Hydralazine or Labetalol

47
Q

What is administered to Rh-negative pregnant females at 28 weeks?

A

RhoGam

48
Q

Test to measure feto-maternal hemorrhage?

A

Kleihauer-Betke (KB) stain

49
Q

What is the condition that develops if Rh-incompatibility leads to severe fetal anemia and death?

A

Hydrops fetalis

50
Q

Most common cause of third trimester bleeding? When does it occur?

A

Abruptio placenta, occurs after 20wks

51
Q

What is major symptom in abruptio placenta?

A

painful vaginal bleeding

52
Q

What is contraindicated in patient with placenta previa?

A

digital exam

53
Q

What is key difference between placenta previa and abruption?

A

previa is painless

54
Q

What time interval is APGAR assessed?

A

1min and 5min

55
Q

What medication decreases blood loss by stimulating contractions?

A

oxytocin

56
Q

What is the leading indication for C-section?

A

dystonia

57
Q

When is endometritis most common?

A

after C-section or PPROM >24hrs before delivery

58
Q

What is first line treatment for endometritis?

A

Clindamycin + Gentamycin

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