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PANRE > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Usually a self-limited disease, how long is the duration of pharyngitis?

A

3-4 days

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2
Q

The rash of erysipelas is typically confined to what area of the body?

A

face

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3
Q

Thick, crusted, golden “honey” yellow lesions best describes what?

A

impetigo (streptococcus pyoderma)

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4
Q

Most common cause of cellulitis in the US?

A

Group A strep

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5
Q

True / False: when diagnosing acute rheumatic fever using Jones criteria, the presence of two major criteria or one major / two minor criteria plus evidence of recent beta-hemolytic streptococci (culture or ASO titer) makes the diagnosis?

A

True

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6
Q

When using Centor criteria, what is the percent chance a sore throat is caused by group A strep when 3/4 criteria are present?

A

40-60%

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7
Q

What should be avoided in infants due to increased risk of botulism?

A

honey

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8
Q

Sudden onset of severe, frequent, “rice water” diarrhea is suggestive of what?

A

Cholera

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9
Q

What is the incubation period of tetanus after a puncture wound?

A

5d - 15 weeks

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10
Q

In patient with tetanus, hyperreflexia and muscle spasms develop most commonly in what areas?

A

Jaw and face

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11
Q

What should be given as a part of treatment of tetanus?

A

IM tetanus immunoglobulin and PCN

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12
Q

Salmonella bacteremia is most commonly seen in what type of patients?

A

immunosuppressed

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13
Q

True / False: when considering shigellosis, individuals who are HLA-B27 positive may mount a reactive arthritis because of temporary disaccharidase deficiency.

A

True

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14
Q

Treatment of choice in shigellosis?

A

TMP-SMX

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15
Q

What two antibiotics are effective in treatment of diptheria?

A

PCN or erythromycin

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16
Q

Treatment of choice for pertussis?

A

erythromycin

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17
Q

Vaccine of choice for adults for pertussis prevention?

A

Tdap

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18
Q

Most characteristic disease with EBV as implicated cause?

A

mononucleosis (“the kissing disease”)

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19
Q

Splenomegaly is present in what percentage of cases of EBV infection?

A

50%

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20
Q

Administration of what antibiotic increases incidence of rash in patients with EBV infection?

A

amoxicillin

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21
Q

Patients with mononucleosis / associated splenomegaly should be counseled against what?

A

contact sports

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22
Q

How do you define Reyes Syndrome?

A

fatty liver with encephalopathy

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23
Q

What two medications are no longer recommended as single therapy agents in treatment of influenza A or varicella infection, and what age does this peak?

A

aspirin, age 5-14.

24
Q

What two meds are no longer recommended as single therapy agents in treatment of influenza, due to resistance?

A

amantadine

rimantadine

25
Q

When is varicella-zoster the most contagious?

A

The day before the rash appears

26
Q

What is the characteristic description of lesions seen in varicella-zoster?

A

Lesions begin as erythematous macules and papules, form superficial vesicles (“dewdrops on rose petal”), and then later crust over

27
Q

Eruptions of zoster lesions on the tip of the nose (Hutchinson sign) indicates involvement of what cranial nerve, and risks corneal involvement?

A

CN V - Trigeminal

28
Q

How is AIDS defined (by CDC)?

A

CD4 < 200

29
Q

When examining eyes of immunocompromised patient, you notice neovascularization and proliferative lesions (commonly referred to as “pizza pie”), what do you suspect?

A

CMV retinitis

30
Q

Most common form of pathogenic Candida?

A

Candida albicans

31
Q

What is the name of a dimorphic fungus found in soil infested with bird or bat droppings?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

32
Q

What is the name of an encapsulated, budding yeast found in soil contaminated with dried pigeon dung?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

33
Q

What test is helpful in diagnosis of cryptococcal infection?

A

india ink stain

34
Q

Treatment of choice for pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

A

TMP-SMX

35
Q

What’s an alternative treatment to TMP-SMX in treatment of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

A

Dapsone

36
Q

What is the recommended treatment for hookworms?

A

mebendazole bid x 3d

37
Q

What is the only host for enterobius vermicularis?

A

humans

38
Q

What are the characteristic symptoms found in patients with pinworms?

A 
perianal pruritus
insomnia
weight loss
enuresis
irritability
39
Q

True / False: all members of a household of a patient with pinworms should be treated?

A

True

40
Q

In the treatment of pinworms, a single dose of albendazole, mebendazole, or pyrantel is given and then repeated when?

A

2-4wks later

41
Q

To diagnose malaria, blood films are stained with what?

A

Giemsa or Wright stain

42
Q

What is drug of choice for both prophylaxis and treatment of malaria?

A

Chloroquine

43
Q

Primary syphillis is characterized by what?

A

Chancre: painless ulcer with a clean base and firm, indurated margins

44
Q

gummatous lesions involving skin, bones, viscera are seen in what stage of syphillis?

A

late (tertiary) syphillis

45
Q

Hutchinson teeth are a common manifestation of infants with what untreated disease?

A

congenital syphillis

46
Q

What diseases can give a false positive FTA-ABS test?

A

Lyme
SLE
Malaria
Leprosy

47
Q

Treatment of choice for syphillis?

A

Benzathine Penicillin G 2.4 million units IM x 1

48
Q

In treatment of syphillis, what can occur when there is massive destruction of spirochetes?

A

Jarisch-Herxhemier reactions (fever, toxic state)

49
Q

Without treatment, gonorrhea can progress to involve what structures in males?

A

prostate
epididymis
periurethral glands

50
Q

Treatment of choice for gonorrhea?

A

IM ceftriaxone or po cefixime

51
Q

Lymphogranuloma venerum starts with vesicular or ulcerative lesions which may spread to lymph nodes…causing what?

A

inguinal buboes

52
Q

Drug of choice in treatment of chlamydia in pregnant women?

A

erythromycin

53
Q

Trichomoniasis is what type of organism?

A

flagellated protozoan

54
Q

Most common vector-borne disease in US?

A

Lyme disease

55
Q

Drug of choice for patients with erythema migrans or suspicion of Lyme based on clinical findings and Hx of tick bite?

A

Doxycycline

56
Q

What is transmitted by the wood tick?

A

Rickettsia

57
Q

What meds have been shown to hasten recovery in patients with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

A

Doxycycline or Chloramphenicol

PANRE (18 decks)

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