Ortho Flashcards
What is the most common joint pathogen in septic arthritis?
Staph Aureus
What cancers met to bone?
Prostate
Breast
Lung
Thyroid
Most common benign bone neoplasm?
Enchondroma
Most common primary sarcoma?
Chondrosarcoma
Most common primary malignant bone tumor?
Multiple Myeloma
What is the age range / location of Ewing sarcoma?
5-25, and diaphysis or long bones / ribs
What is the age range / location of osteosarcoma?
10-20, and in metaphysis of long bones
What type of pain is most often associated with malignancy?
Night pain
What test is used to identify specific abnormal globulins of multiple myeloma?
protein electrophoresis
What are modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?
ETOH smoking low body weight sedentary lifestyle low calcium low vitamin D steroids
First line treatment for osteoporosis?
bisphosphonate
How to describe a Colles fracture?
dorsal displacement of distal radius
How to describe a Smith fracture?
volar displacement of distal radius
What orthopedic finding is a red flag for child abuse?
multiple fractures in various stages of healing
Most common cause of facial pain?
TMJ
Most common condition affecting C-spine?
spondylosis
Most painful conditions of hand and wrist?
OA and RA
What is OA of the wrist from lunate osteonecrosis called?
Kienbock disease
What condition affects palmar aponeurosis causes painful nodules, pitting and contratures?
Dupuytren’s disease
Most common mononeuropathy?
carpal tunnel syndrome
Tapping of volar aspect of wrist causes pain - what’s it called?
Tinel’s sign
What’s it called when wrist flexion causes pain?
Phalen’s sign
What bug associated with human bite? How to treat?
Eikenella Corrodens, treated with Augmentin
Most common fracture of the wrist?
Colles fracture
Sprain of ulnar collateral ligament?
Gamekeeper’s thumb
Most common fracture of elbow in adults?
Radial head fracture
How is a radial head fracture usually diagnosed?
posterior fat pad or “sail sign” of anterior fat pad on plain film
Most common fracture of carpal bones?
scaphoid
What is tenosynovitis of abductor pollicis and extensor pollicis brevis called?
DeQuervains disease
What test is used to diagnose DeQuervains disease?
Finkelstein test
Most common cause of low back pain?
prolapsed intervertebral disk
Where is pain from sciatica felt?
posterior leg to lateral malleolus
What pain is worse when walking, relieved by leaning forward?
spinal stenosis
What exercises are helpful for low back pain
McKenzie exercises
Most common location / presentation of scoliosis?
T7 / T8 and to the right
What is juvenile kyphosis called?
Scheuermann’s disease
What is TB of the spine called?
Potts disease
Most common extrapulmonary location of TB?
spine
What is a seronegative spondyloarthropathy that progresses to fusion called?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Which lab test is positive in anklyosing spodylitis and Reiter’s syndrome
HLA-B27
What is considered the best exercise for ankylosing spondylitis?
swimming
What is aseptic necrosis of the hips in children called?
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Which xray view is used to diagnose slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?
frog leg lateral pelvis
What part of the meniscus is most often injured?
Medial
What tests are helpful in diagnosing meniscal tears?
McMurray and Apley tests
Average age / gender of patient with Osgood Schlatter disease?
12 year old / male
Most commonly injured knee ligament?
ACL
Most sensitive test to diagnose ACL tear?
Lachman’s test
Most common sports-related injury?
ankle sprains
What test checks for ankle stability?
anterior drawer test
Another name for a bunion?
Hallux valgus
When is plantar fasciitis pain most common?
first thing in AM
What does excess PTH do in the body
increase calcium levels
Most common cause of hypercalcemia in ambulatory patients?
HyperPTH
Most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients?
Cancer
Most common pathological fracture site?
Jaw
What lab test confirms hyperparathyroidism?
elevated PTH
