Derm Flashcards
Rubbing a lesion that causes urticarial flare is referred to as?
Darier’s sign
Pinpoint bleeding after a scale is removed is referred to as?
Auspitz sign
Pushing a blister causing further separation of the dermis is referred to as?
Nikolsky’s sign
A patch test demonstrates what?
hypersensitivity reaction
Minor trauma leading to new lesions at the site of trauma is referred to as?
Koebner phenomenon
What test is used to identify dermatophyte infection?
KOH prep
Thickened skin with distinct borders, often resulting from excessive scratching or prolonged irritation is referred to as?
lichenification
You are examining a child with diaper rash, and you notice satellite lesions - what do you suspect?
Candida infection
Where is the rash of atopic dermatitis most commonly located?
Flexor surfaces, neck, eyelids, forehead, face, dorsum of hands / feet
Mainstay of treatment of atopic dermatitis?
topical corticosteroids
Treatment of dandruff, shampoos with which two elements have been shown beneficial for acute flareups?
Selenium
Zinc
Describe skin manifestations of lichenification
well-circumscribed plaques, highly pruritic, which set up a cycle of itch-scratch lesions
Round, salmon-colored, slightly rasied, papular / macular lesions aligned in a “christmas tree-like distribution”, what do you suspect?
pityriasis rosea
Pityriasis rosea is a self-limiting condition, of what duration?
3-8 weeks
Cause of molluscum contagiosum?
Poxvirus
The 4 P’s of lichen planus?
Purple
Polygonal
Pruritic
Papule
Describe the lesion of lichen planus
Flat-topped, shiny, violaceous papules with fine white lines on the surface (Wickham Striae)
True / False: Koebner phenomenon is seen in lichen planus?
True
All patients with lichen planus should be screened for what other disease?
Hep C
In what climate is dyshydrotic eczematous dermatitis (dyshidrosis) seen?
hot, humid weather
What is the basic pathology of psoriasis?
enhanced epidermal cell turnover
In psoriatic lesions, peeling away a scale produces specks of bleeding from capillaries? What is this called?
Auspitz sign
In patients with psoriasis, scratching leads to more lesions. What’s this called?
Koebner phenomenon
Most common variant of psoriasis?
Psoriasis vulgaris
Which form of psoriasis involves the entire skin surface?
Psoriatic erythroderma
Pemphigus vulgaris is more commonly seen in people of what descent?
Jewish or Mediterranean
In pemphigus vulgaris, there is lateral extensino of the lesions when they are pushed. What is this called?
Nikolsky’s sign
What are hallmark lesions of acne called?
Comedones
Topical preparations used in treatment of mild acne?
Retinoids
Azelaic Acid
Salicylic Acid
Drug of choice for more serious or cystic acne?
Tetracyclines
True / False: acne rosacea is a chronic acneiform disorder mainly affecting women between 30-50 yrs of age
True
Typical triggers of acne roseacea?
Heat, alcohol, sun, hot / spicy foods
What is characterized by insidious onset of scattered, small, papulopustules (sometimes nodules), where there are NO comedones and the face appears flushed?
Acne rosacea
What does the suffix -phyma mean?
“enlarged”
Most common cause of folliculitis?
staph aureus
Cause of folliculitis in hot tub users?
Pseudomonas
Three common causes of erythema multiforme?
Drugs (sulfonamids, phenytoin, barbiturates, PCN, allopurinol)
Infections (HSV, Mycoplasma)
Idiopathic (50% of cases)
Hallmark of erythema multiforme major?
mucosal lesions that are painful and erode
What two conditions are mucocutaneous blistering reactions, most often caused by a drug reaction?
Steven-Johnson syndrome
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
Where should SJS / TEN patients with extensive necrolysis be cared for?
Burn unit
What pathogen is most common cause of furuncles?
Staph Aureus
First step in treatment of furuncles and carbuncles?
Warm, moist compresses
When beginning broad-spectrum abx for cellulitis, what three organisms should be covered?
H. Flu
Strep
Staph
In PCN-allergic patients, what is most appropriate alternative antibiotic?
Erythromycin
What should a patient taking griseofulvin avoid ingesting?
alcohol
What is the cause of tinea versicolor?
Malassezia furfur
Characteristic feature of tinea versicolor?
hypo or hyperpigmented macules that do not tan in areas of overgrowth
Treatment of choice for tinea versicolor?
selenium sulfide shampoo
Most common distribution seen in scabies?
hands, wrists, interweb spaces
What is the most important spider bite that can puncture skin in the US?
brown recluse spider (loxosceles reclusa)
What three topical insecticides are considered first line treatment of pediculosis (lice)?
Permethrin
Pyrethrins
Malathion
Most common type of malignant melanoma?
superficial spreading malignant melanoma
How is prognosis determined in melanoma patients?
depth of the lesion (Breslow depth)
The two most common skin neoplasms?
Squamous and Basal cell carcinoma
Typical presentation of squamous cell lesions?
sharply demarcated, scaling, hyperkeratotic macule / papule or plaque
How are stage I decubitus ulcers characterized?
non-blanching erythema of intact skin
Most effective solution for new-onset and smaller areas of hair loss?
minoxidil
Alopecia areata may be seen in what four diseases?
thyroiditis
pernicious anemia
SLE
addison disease
What is a felon?
subcutaneous infection of the pulp space of the nail
