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Endo Flashcards

1
Q

What is disorder of excessive systemic copper called?

A

Wilson’s disease

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2
Q

What are Kayser-Fleischer rings?

A

copper deposits in eye from Wilson’s disease

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3
Q

What lab test confirms hyperparathyroidism

A

Elevated PTH

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4
Q

What is congenital cause of hypocalcemia due to parathyroid hypoplasia, thymic hypoplasia, and cardiac outflow track defect called?

A

DeGeorge syndrome

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5
Q

What is the etiology of 80% of hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves disease

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6
Q

How are the reflexes in hyperthyroidism?

A

brisk

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7
Q

What antibodies are positive in Graves?

A

Thyroperoxidase and Thyroglobulin

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8
Q

What meds are used to control symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

beta-blockers, like propranolol

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9
Q

what is the drug of choice for hyperthyroidism in a pregnant or lactating female?

A

PTU

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10
Q

Most common cause of hypthryoidism?

A

Hashimotos

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11
Q

What two meds commonly cause hypothyroidism?

A

Lithium and Amiodarone

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12
Q

What is Sheehan’s syndrome?

A

pituitary gland necrosis that occurs after childbirth

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13
Q

Two most common symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

weakness

coarse, dry skin

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14
Q

Single best screening for hypothyroidism?

A

TSH level

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15
Q

Hallmark of myxedema crisis?

A

altered mental status

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16
Q

Most common cause of a painful thyroid?

A

deQuervain’s thyroiditis

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17
Q

Treatment of choice for deQuervain’s?

A

aspirin

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18
Q

Most common cause of sporadic goiter in kids (and most common thyroid disease in the US)?

A

Hashimoto’s

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19
Q

Most common benign nodule of thyroid?

A

Follicular adenoma

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20
Q

What cell has eosinophil staining and malignant potential in thyroid?

A

Hurtle Cell

21
Q

Which thyroid nodules require surgery?

A

cold hypo-functioning nodules

22
Q

Most sensitive test to identify thyroid lesions?

A

ultrasound

23
Q

Which thyroid cancer is most common?

24
Q

What thyroid cancer often mets to Lung / Liver and Brain / Bone?

A

Follicular

25
Q

What childhood exposure increases risk of thyroid cancer 25x?

26
Q

Diagnostic criteria for prediabetes?

A

A1C = 5.7% - 6.4%
Fasting Glucose: 100-125
OGTT (2hr): 140-199

27
Q

In patients with poor control of their metabolic syndrome with diet / exercise alone, what medication is recommended?

28
Q

Leading cause of blindness in adults >60yrs old?

A

diabetic retinopathy

29
Q

Most common complication of DM?

A

neuropathy

30
Q

Characteristic pattern of occurrence with diabetic neuropathy?

A

peripheral symmetric polyneuropathy (stocking / glove distribution)

31
Q

First line intervention, all diabetics should be counseled on what?

32
Q

In diabetic patients with increased cardiovascular risk, what med is used in primary prevention?

A

daily aspirin (75-325mg)

33
Q

Most common first line agent in DM treatment?

34
Q

What vitamin deficiency can be seen in long-term metformin use?

A

Vitamin B12

35
Q

How often are ophthalmologic exams recommended in monitoring for diabetic retinopathy?

36
Q

Elevated LDL levels increase risk of what disease process?

37
Q

Severe elevations of triglycerides can cause what disease process?

A

pancreatitis

38
Q

Recommended first-line management of patients with hyperlipidemia?

A

Lifestyle - diet and at least 30min of daily exercise

39
Q

Common side effects seen with statins?

A

myalgias and GI complaints

40
Q

Common side effect with niacin, and how can it be reduced?

A

prostaglandin-induced flushing: reduce by taking ASA 30min prior, OR a daily NSAID

41
Q

What class of medications are most potent for lowering triglyceride levels and increasing HDL?

A

fibric acid derivatives

42
Q

Potential complications from fibric acid derivatives?

A

gallstones, hepatitis, myositis

43
Q

Common symptoms of hypercortisolism?

A

obesity
HTN
thirst
polyuria

44
Q

Characteristic physical features of hypercortisolism?

A

“buffalo hump”
moon facies
supraclavicular pads

45
Q

Most specific signs indicative of hypercortisolism?

A

proximal muscle weakness

pigmented striae >1cm wide

46
Q

You suspect a patient has hypercortisolism, what diagnostic tests would aid decision making?

A

dexamethasone suppression test

24hr urine collection (free cortisol and creatinine)

47
Q

What threshold of plasma / serum ACTH would be suggestive of an adrenal tumor?

A

ACTH <20 pg/mL

48
Q

What exam finding is only found in primary Addison disease?

A

hyperpigmentation (due to high ACTH)

49
Q

What signs / symptoms would you expect to see in a patient with Addison crisis?

A 
hypotension
acute abdominal / low back pain
vomiting / diarrhea
dehydration
altered mental status

PANRE (18 decks)

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