public health Flashcards
define public health
the organised response by society to protect and promote health, and to prevent illness, injury or disability
explain ‘old public health’
the ‘old public health’ was focused on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases through the improvement of infrastructure, control of bacteria and other biological causes
explain the ‘new public health’
The new public health approach identifies that there are many factors that impact on health (physical, environmental, socio cultural) and aims to prevent illness, diseases & injury from occurring by modifying these risk factors. Its concerned with all threats to health and is focused on disease prevention and health promotion
what is the biomedical model of health
focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. its a medical model of care practiced by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, cure & treatment of diseases.
- “quick fix”
- advances in medical technology
what is the social model of health
a conceptual framework within which improvements in H+W are achieved by directing effort towards addressing the social, economic & environmental determinants of health. It aims to move beyond the biomedical view and address the factors that lead to ill-health and health inequity.
what are the principles of the social model of health?
A- addresses the broader determinants of health
R- acts to reduce social inequities
E- empowers individuals & communities
A-acts to enable access to healthcare
S- involves inter sectorial collaboration
address the broader determinants to health (S)
- the biological, sociocultural and environmental factors
- focus is to reduce the impact of sociocultural & environmental factors that contribute to health inequality
- implementing policies and changes to the environment that promote health
acts to reduce social inequities (S)
- reaching inequities that exists in relation to health status & health services
- factors may be: gender, age, race, SES, location & physical environment
- menas addressing these factors and proving extra support to those who need it most
empowers individuals and communities (S)
- providing individuals & communities with the resources and skill base they need to address the factors that influence their health
- information, resources, empowering with knowledge, confidence, skills which allow individuals to take actions to promote their own health
acts to enable access to health care (S)
- improving access to healthcare
- healthcare services should address barriers to access (location, culture, language, transport, discrimination, building, cost & knowledge)
involves inter sectorial collaboration (S)
- embraces need for integrates action between government departments, the private sector and the health sector + the media
- can’t be addressed by the health sector alone
what is the relationships between the biomedical & social model of health?
they need to work together- they both have different yet important roles without one the other can’t promote health on its own
what are the positives of the biomedical model?
- benefits are immediately noticeable “quick fix”
- cures diseases and illnesses
- improves quality of life
- improves health status
- provides treatment for many medical conditions
what are the negatives of the biomedical model?
- doesn’t teach preventable action & therefore doesn’t necessarily promote good health
- expensive
- relies on the healthcare system
what are the positives of the social model of health?
- promotes good H+W and assists in preventing diseases
- inexpensive
- focusses on vulnerable population groups
- promotes overall H+W ( docent just focus on diseases)
- responsibility for H+W is shared
- focusses on populations rather then individuals
- aims to improve saturation before illness occurs
what are the negatives of the social model of health?
- not every condition can be prevented
- health promotion messages may be ignores- relies on individuals making good choices
- doesn’t address the needs of the individual
what is the Ottawa charter for health promotion?
an approach to health promotion developed by the WHO with the aim of taking action to achieve health for and attempt to reduce inequalities to health
what are the strategies for the ottawa charter?
- enable
- mediate
- advocate
whats meant by enable?
means to support people with informations, opportunities, resources and skills they need to make choices that support good health
what is meant by mediate?
optimal health can’t be ensured by the health sector alone & health promotion requites coordinated cation by all levels of government, the health sector, non government organisation and the media
what is meant by advocate?
health promotion aims to make the necessary political, social, cultural, environmental & behvirousaol & biological factors favourable to support good health. its about promoting and supporting initiatives that promote good health on behalf of the whole community and protecting health as a resource
what are the Ottawa charter priority actions?
D- develop personal skills R- reorient health services A- strengthen community action B- build healthy public policy C- create supportive environments
build healthy public policy? (O)
- develop policy & legislation to promote health
- decisions made by governments & organisations
- healthcare policy, legislation, taxation, rules & regulations
create supportive environments (O)
- create environments that make healthier choices easier choices
- build links between individuals & their environment
- taking care of one another
strengthen community action (O)
- involve & encourage people from all parts of the community
- communities working together to set priorities, make decisions and plan to implement strategies that will help achieve better health
develop personal skills (O)
- inform & empower people to make healthier choices
- life skills, information and knowledge through health promotion and education
reorient health services (O)
- switch the focus from the biomedical to preventable healthcare, encourage medical professional to take a preventative approach
- support healthcare professional in moving beyond providing biomedical service and focuses on paling a stronger emphasis on health promotion
what are 5 reasons for the improvements in healths status from the 1900’s
- control of infectious diseases
- better hygiene
- improvements in the prevention, detection & treatment of non-communicable diseases
- higher vaccination rates
- improved infrastructure
whats are leading causes of death in Australia?
- coronary heart diseases
- dementia
- cerebrovascular diseases (including stroke)
