Pterygopalatine Fossa Flashcards
The infratemporal fossa is ___ to the pterygopalatine fossa
lateral
What is the general shape of the pterygopalatine fossa
upside down tear drop
The infratemporal fossa is associated with ___ openings
7
the pterygopalatine fossa is a “hub” for ____ supplying ___
nerve and arteries supplying MIDDLE FACE
What is the main ganglion located in the pterygopalatine fossa?
pterygopalatine ganglion CN 7
Pterygopalatine ganglion is associated with CN __
CN 7
*remember pterygppalatine fossa is associated with supplyinng middle FACE ie FACIAL NERVE
Pterygopalatine ganglion (CN 7) attaches to ___ via 2 short pterygopalatine nerves
CN V2 Maxillary
Pterygoplatine ganglion attaches to CN V2 maxillary nerves via ____
2 short pterygopalatine nerves
The pterygopalatine ganglion has ___ (parasympathetic or sympathetic?) fibers
both
ha trick question
Which synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion: parasympathetic of sympathetic fibers
parasymp only
remmeber sympathetic fibers synapsed in superior cervical ganglion
Name the 7 openings of the pterygopalatine fossa
- pterygomaxillary fissure
- sphenopalatine foramen
- foramen rotundum
- inferior orbital fissure
- pterygoid canal
- pharyngeal canal aka palatovaginal canal
- palatine canal
The 3rd part of maxillary artery passes through ___
pterygomaxillary fissure
Pterygomaxillary fissure transmits the 3rd part of ___
maxillary artery
What is the 3rd part of maxillary artery?
What is it transmitted through?
3rd part = terminal branches.
transmitted through pterygomaxillary fissure
branches:
- superior alveolar (post, mid, ant)
- infraorbital a
- sphenopalatine a
- a. of pterygoid canal
- a. of pharyngeal canal
- descending palatine aa
What are the temrinal branches of the 3d part of maxillary artery?
What are they transmitted through?
branches:
- superior alveolar (post, mid, ant)
- infraorbital a
- sphenopalatine a
- a. of pterygoid canal
- a. of pharyngeal canal
- descending palatine aa
transmitted through pterygomaxillary fissure
What is the venous drainage in pterygomaxillary fissure
anterior pterygoid plexus
posterior pterygoid plexus
anterior pterygoid plexus drains into ___
facial vein
posterior pterygoid plexus drains into ___
two options:
- maxillary vein -> retromandibular vein -> IJV
- posterior branch with posterior auricular vein -> EJV
The pterygomaxillary fissure is on the __ side of the pterygopalatine fossa
It opens up into the ____
lateral
infratemporal fossa
The sphenopalatine foramen is on the ___ side of the pterygopalatine fossa
It opens up into the ____
medial
nasal cavity
The foramen rotundum is on the ___ side of the pterygopalatine fossa
It opens up into the ____
posterosuperior
middle cranial fossa (cranial cavity)
The inferior orbital fissure is on the ___ side of the pterygopalatine fossa
It opens up into the ____
anterosuperior
floor of orbit
The pterygoid canal is on the ___ side of the pterygopalatine fossa
It opens up into the ____
posterior
middle cranial fossa (cranial cavity)
the pharyngeal canal is on the ___ side of the pterygopalatine fossa
It opens up into the ____
posterior
nasopharynx
The palatine canal is on the ___ side of the pterygopalatine fossa
It opens up into the ____
inferior
roof of oral cavity
The sphenopalatine foramen is formed by what 2 structures?
sphenoid bone and perpendicular plate of palatine bone
The sphenopalatine foramen transmits what artery?
sphenopalatine artery and 2 branches
- posterior septal branch
- posterior lateral nasal branch
Sphenopalatine artery supplies ___
lower septum and lateral wall
Sphenopalatine artery is transmitted through ___
sphenopalatine foramen
Sphenopalatine foramen transmits what nerve?
nasopalatine nerve (CN V2) and it’s main branch
posterior lateral nasal nerve
Posterior lateral nasal nerve is a branch of ___
nasopalatine nerve (CN V2)
Posterior lateral nasal nerve is transmitted through __
sphenopalatine foramen
Nasopalatine nerve (CN V2) is transmitted through __
sphenopalatine foramen
Foramen Rotundum transmits what nerve?
main trunk of maxillary nerve (CN V2)
Inferior orbital fissure is found on the ___ aspect of the orbit
posterior inferior orbit
inferior orbital fissure transmits what nerves?
Infraorbital nerve and zygomatic nerve (and branches)
Infraorbital nerve is transmitted through __
inferior orbital fissure and continues through to infraorbital foramen to supply face
Zygomatic nerve is transmitted through __
inferior orbital fissure
zygomatic nerve in inferior orbital fissure branches into:
zygomaticofacial nerve
zygomaticotemporal nerve
Zygomaticofacial and Zygomaticotemporal nerve are transmitted through ___
inferior orbital fissure
because they are branches off of zygoamtic nerve
The pterygoid canal runs posterior-anteriorly through ____ bone
sphenoid bone
Pterygoid canal connects what 3 fossa/foramen?
foramen lacerum, pterygopalatine fossa, sphenopalatine foramen
Foramen lacerum, pterygopalatine fossa, sphenopalatine formaen are all connected through ___
pterygoid canal (within sphenoid bone)
What arteries does inferior orbital fissure transmit?
infra-orbital artery zygomatic artery (and zygomaticofacial a. / zygomaticotemporal a)
AKA accompanying arteries associated with nerves transmitted through inferior orbital fissure
The pterygoid canal transmits what nerve?
vidian nerve of pterygoid canal
The vidian nerve of pterygoid canal is going to ___
pterygopalatine ganglion
the pterygopalatine ganglion contains only ____ fibers
autonomic
What artery is transmitted through pterygoid canal?
pterygoid branch of maxillary artery
or “artery of pterygoid canal”
Pharyngeal canal aka ___
palatovaginal canal
The pharyngeal canal is found superior/lateral to _____ bone
to the alae of vomer bone
The pharyngeal canal is found ___ to the alae of the vomer bone
superior/lateral
Describe where the pharyngeal canal is relative to the pterygoid canal
pharyngeal cana is ~1cm anterior/medial to pterygoid canal
Pharyngeal canal transmits __ nerve
pharyngeal nerve (CN V2)
Pharyngeal canal transmits __ artery
pharygneal branch of maxillary artery
or “artery of pharyngeal canal”
What goes through the pharyngeal canal?
both the pharyngeal nerve and the pharyngeal artery
Which is more likely: a pharyngeal groove or canal?
pharyngeal groove
How is the pharyngeal groove/canal angled? Why?
angled obliquely to serve pharynx to follow the musculature of the pharynx
How does the palatine canal run relative the palatine bones of the maxilla?
Palatine canal runs vertically just lateral to the perpendicular plate of palatine bine of maxilla
The palatine canal transmits __ nerve
greater palatine nerve (CN V2)
lesser palatine nerve (CN V2)
The palatine canal transmits __ artery
greater palatine artery (maxillary branch)
lesser palatine artery (maxillary artery)
If the greater palatine artery/lesser palatine artery emerge as one, this is called the __ artery
descending palatine artery
this eventually with split into greater/lesser palatine artery
Does the descending palatine artery exist in everyoen?
no
sometimes greater and lesser palatine arteries immediately separate from each other
What is transmitted through the greater palatine foramen
greater palatine nerve (CN V2)
greater palatine artery (max branch)
What is transmitted through the lesser palatine foramen
lesser palatine nerve (CN V2)
lesser palatine artery (max branch)
Pterygopalatine ganglion attaches to CN V2 by ____
2 short pterygopalatine nerves
Pterygopalatine nerves attach the pterygopalatine ganglion to ___
CN V2 branches
The pterygopalatine ganglion recieves ___
the vidian nerve of pterygoid canal
What fibers are found in the vidian nerve of pterygoid canal?
only autonomics (parasymp and symp fibers)
In the vidian nerve of pterygoid canal, which are pre-ganglionic and which are post-ganglionic fibers?
sympathetic/parasympathetic
parasympathetic - pre-ganglionic fibers
sympathetic - post-ganglionic
The post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers heading to the pterygoid ganglion come from ____
deep petrosal nerve (internal carotid plexus)
The pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers heading to the pterygoid ganglion come from ___
greater petrosal nerve (facial nerve, cn 7)
The vidian nerve of pterygoid canal supplies ____
autonomics to the lacrimal gland, nasal gland, palatal gland
