Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 2 > Orbit > Flashcards

Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 layers of the conjunctiva

A

palpebral and bulbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the palpebral conjunctiva

A

membrane of the inner eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the bulbar conjunctiva

A

membrane of the actual eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the potential space called between the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva?

A

conjunctival sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define the conjunctiva sac

A

The potential space between the palpebral conjunctiva and bulbar conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define the palpebral fissure

A

the slit between the 2 eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva are connected at the ___

A

fornices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cranial nerves open/close the eye?

A

cn 3 = opens the eye

cn 7 = closes the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 sets of ligaments/tendons that support the eyelid?

A

medial/lateral palpebral ligament
superior/inferior tarsus
tendon of levator palpebrae superioris m
orbital septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe where the medial/lateral palpebral ligaments are found

A

they are found on medial/lateral commisures of the eyelid projecting laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe where the superior and inferior tarsus are found

A

They are an inner circle around the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe where the orbital septum is found

A

The orbital septum is found as an outer circle around the superior/inferior tarsus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe where the tendon of levator palpebrae superioris is found

A

projecting upwards from the upper palpebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What travels through the optic canal?

A

CN 2 and opthalmic a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What travels through the superior orbital fissure

A

CN 3, 4, 6, V1, opthalmic vv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What travels through supra-orbital notch?

A

supra-orbital n and artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What travels through inferior orbital fissure?

A

infra-orbital nerve and a

zygomatic n and a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What travels through infra-orbital formmen?

A

infra-orbital n and a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Infra-orbital nerve is a branch off of ____

A

CN V2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What travels through anterior./posterior ethmoidal foramen?

A

anterior/posterior ethmoidal n., a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves are a branch off of ___

A

CN V1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the main structures found on the medial wall of the bony orbit?

A 
anterior ethmoidal foramen
posterior ethmoidal foramen
optic canal
superior orbital fissure
inferior orbital fissure
fossa of lacrimal sac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If you pierce the orbit’s roof, you enter ___

A

anterior cranial fossa (frontal lobe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If you pierce the orbit’s floor, you enter ___

A

maxillary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
If you pierce the orbit's medial wall, you enter ____
ethmoidal air cells
26
If you pierce the orbit's lateral wall, you enter the ___
temporal fossa
27
If you pierce the orbit's superior orbital fissure, you pierce the ____
middle cranial fossa
28
What are the 2 main portions of the OUTER eye?
cornea and sclera
29
T/F: Cornea and sclera are made up of the same molecular composition
True
30
If cornea and sclera are made up of the same molecular composition, why is the cornea transparent and the sclera is not?
cornea ECM proteins are all aligned parallel (think: light polarization) sclera ECM proteins are not aligned parallel to e/o
31
Why is the sclera thick?
because it is the point of attachment for extraoccular muscles
32
What are the 4 components of the MIDDLE eye?
choroid iris pupil ciliary body
33
What is the vascular later of the eye? | why?
middle eye = vascular layer | because CHOROID - ciliary aa and vorticose vv
34
Describe the choroid in the middle eye
thin layer of ciliary aa and vorticose vv | this is why the middle eye is high vascularized
35
Vorticose vv and ciliary aa are found in the ___ of the eye
choroid | middle eye
36
What part of middle eye is responsible for accomodation of the lens?
ciliary body (smooth muscles responsible for accomodation of the eye) dilator pupillae m sphincter pupillae m
37
Describe the difference in dilator pupillae and sphincter pupillae
dilator pupillae = radiating spokes | sphincter pupillae = circular around pupil
38
How do dilator pupillae m and sphincter pupillae m connect to the lens?
zonular ligaments
39
Zonular ligaments connect __ to __
ciliary body mm to the lens | for accomodation
40
What is the iris?
colored smooth muscle behind the cornea that controls pupil size
41
What is the colored smooth muscle of the eye?
the iris
42
What is the pupil?
adjustable aperture through which light enters
43
Which part of the middle eye is adjustable aperture through which light enters
the pupil
44
What are the 4 components of the inner eye?
retina macula lutea fovea centralis optic disc
45
Describe the retinas
neural layer which receives light rays and converts it into a neural stimulus
46
Describe the macula lutea
Part of the retina | OVAL region for visual acuity
47
Macula lutea is visible on the retina because it is ___
oval shaped has a dip inwards on the retina (macula lutea is for visual acuity)
48
What is the fovea centralis?
fovea centralis is the highest level of visual acuity (most accurate) on the retina it is part of the macula lutea
49
What is the optic disc?
the part of the inner eye where CN 2 and retinal vessels enter/exit
50
What enters/exits at the optic disc?
CN 2 and retinal vessels
51
Dilator pupillae m. / Sphincter pupillae m. Which is sympathetic/parasympathetic?
sphincter pupillae - parasympathetic dilator pupillae - sympathetic innervation
52
sympathetics of dilator pupillae come from ___
internal carotid plexus
53
parasympathetics of sphincter pupillae come from ___
ciliary ganglion
54
What 4 components of the eye play a part in refraction?
1 cornea 2 lens 3 acqueous humor 4 vitreous humor (body)
55
Most refraction in the eye takes place in the ___
cornea
56
___ focuses light rays for near/distant objects on the retina (plays role in refraction)
lens
57
What liquid is between the cornea and the lens?
acqeous humor
58
What liquid is between the lens and the retina?
vitreous humor (body)
59
The anterior and posterior chambers are where?
PART OF ACQEOUS HUMOR anterior chamber - bw cornea and iris posterior chamber - bw iris and ciliary body
60
Describe the composition of aqeous humor vs vitreous humor?
aqueous humor - watery anterior to lens vitreous humor (body) - gelatinous posterior to lens
61
Watery aqueous humor travels in which direction through the chambers? How does it go backwards?
travels posterior to anterior travels anterior to posterior through canal of schlemm (blockage = glaucoma)
62
What are the 4 components of the lacrimal apparatus?
1 lacrimal gland 2 lacrimal canaliculi 3 lacrimal sac 4 nasolacrimal duct
63
Where on the eye is the lacrimal gland found?
superolaterally
64
What are the parts of the lacrimal gland?
orbital part | palpebral part
65
Lacrimal gland produces ___. | What are these for? How do they travel?
lacrimal fluid (tears) used for lubrication travel inferomedially
66
Describe lacrimal canaliculi | What are the parts?
superior and inferior lacrimal canaliculi (separate parts) openings of canaliculi: PUNCTA transports tears from canaliculi -> lacrimal lake -> lacrimal sac
67
Lacrimal canaliculi transport lacrimal fluid from to __
lacrimal sac
68
What are the puncta? Where are they found?
puncta are the openings of the lacrimal canaliculi transport tears from lacrimal lake -> lacrimal sac
69
The lacrimal sac drains tears into ___
nasolacrimal duct
70
Nasolacrimal duct drains tears into ___
nasolacrimal canal (opens underneath the inferior nasal conchae)
71
The nasolacrimal canal is located ___
underneath the inferior nasal conchae
72
Name all of the extra-ocular mms
``` levator palpebrae superioris m superior rectus m inferior rectus m lateral rectus m medial rectus m superior oblique m inferior oblique m ```
73
All extraocular muscles except for ____ insert onto the ___
all extraocular muscles except for levator palpebrae superioris insert onto the sclera of the eye
74
Action of levator palpebrae superioris m
raises upper eyelid
75
Action of superior rectus muscle
elevates/adducts the eye
76
Action of inferior rectus muscle
depresses/adducts the eye
77
Action of lateral rectus muscle
abducts eye
78
Action of medial rectus muscle
adducts eye
79
Action of superior oblique muscle
depress, abduct, medially rotate eye
80
Action of inferior oblique muscle
elevate, abduct, laterally rotate eye
81
What is the formula for motor innervation of extraocular mm
LR6(SO4)R3
82
CN 3 innervates which extraocular mm
``` levator palpebrae superioris superior rectus inferior rectus middle rectus inferior oblique ```
83
CN 6 innervates which extraoccular mm
lateral rectus
84
CN 4 innervates which extraoccular mm
superior oblique m
85
CN 3 innervates most of the extraoccular mm, and WHAT ELSE
provides parasympathetics to ciliary gangion
86
Why do we test each extraocular mm individually?
to see if the damage is to a single CN or a single muscle
87
If the eye is in NEUTRAL position, we are testing ___ mm
lateral rectus and medial rectus
88
If the eye is ABDUCTING, we are testing ____ mm
superior and inferior rectus mm
89
If the eye is ADDUCTING, we are testing ____ mm
superior and inferior oblique mm
90
Nerve fibers of the optic nerve run between __ and __
eye and optic chiasm
91
Nerve fibers of the optic chiasm are found where
in the X shaped portion of the anterior cranial vault, intermingling of fibers
92
Nerve fibers of the optic tract are found between __ and __
optic chiasm and brain
93
temporal and nasal visual fields: | which cross and which remain ipsilateral?
nasal visual fields remain ipsilateral | temporal visual fields cross at optic chiasm
94
A lesion at the optic nerve leads to __
total blindness of that eye
95
A lesion at the optic chiasm leads to ___
peripheral blindness
96
A lesion at the optic tract leads to ___
ipsilateral nasal vision lost | contralateral temporal vision lost
97
Ciliary ganglion receives 3 types of fibers. what are they?
sensory fibers pre-synaptic parasympathetic fibers post-synaptic sympathetic fibers
98
the sensory fibers going into ciliary ganglion come from what root?
nasociliary root
99
the pre-synaptic parasympathetic fibers going into ciliary ganglion come from ___ via what root?
CN 3 via parsympathetic (occulomotor) root
100
the post-synaptic sympathetic fibers going into ciliary gangion come from ___ via what root?
internal carotid plexus via sympathetic root
101
The sympathetic fibers going into ciliary ganglion are post-sympathetic. why?
because sympathetic! | has already synapsed in superior cervical ganglion!
102
The pupillary light reflex tests which CN ?
2 and 3
103
During pupillary light reflex, if an eye remains dilated, this shows there is a lesion ___
in CN 3 parasympathetic pathway
104
What are the main 7 arteries of the eye/orbit?
``` opthalmic a posterior ciliary aa central retina aa ethmoida aa supraorbital a supratrochlear a lacrimal a ```
105
Which artery gives rise to all aa of the eye?
opthalmic a
106
Posterior ciliary aa supplies ___
outer/middle layers of the eye
107
Central retinal aa supplies __
inner retinal layer of the eye
108
Ethmoidal aa supplies __
anterior cranial fossa, sinuses, nose
109
Supraorbital a supplies ___
central forehead
110
Supratrochlear a supplies ___
medial forehead
111
Lacrimal a supplies ___
lacrimal gland
112
What are the 3 main divisions of V1 in the orbit?
NFL: nasociliary nerve frontal nerve lacrimal nerve
113
What are the branches of nasociliary nerve?
ethmoidal nerve infratrochelear nerve long ciliary nerve
114
Which nerve provides sympathetics and sensory innervation to posterior eye?
long ciliary nerve (branch off of nasociliary nerve, first division of CN V1)
115
What are the branches of frontal nerve?
supra-orbital nerve | supra-trochlear nerve
116
What does lacrimal nerve supply?
lacrimal gland and conjunctiva
117
What are the 2 main veins of the ORBIT?
superior opthalmic vein | inferior opthalmic vein
118
superior opthalmic vein and inferior opthalmic vein join with facial vein to drain into ___
cavernous sinus AFTER JOINING WITH FACIAL VEIN
119
superior opthalmic vein and inferior opthalmic vein join with ____ to drain into cavernous sinus
facial vein
120
What are the 2 main veins of the EYEBALL
central retinal vein | vorticose vein
121
What does central retinal vein drain? What does it drain into?
drains retina drains into cavernous sinus
122
What does vorticose vein drain? What does it drain into?
vorticose vein drains vascular layer of eye drains into superior/inferior opthalmic veins (eventually into cavernous sinus)
123
You can detect ____ at the optic disc. | Why?
intercranial pressure because the sclera is continuous with the dura

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions