Nasal Cavity Flashcards by Ilana Kramer

What are the main cartilages of the external nose

septal cartilage and alar cartilage

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What is the division of the septal cartilage?

lateral process (2)
Superior margin

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____ make up most of the anterior portion of the external nose?

lateral processes of septal cartilage

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What is the division of the alar cartilage?

major and minor alar cartilages

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Major/minor alar cartilage

Which is U-shaped and at the tip of the nose?

major alar cartilage

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Major/minor alar cartilage

Which is at the posterior aspect of external nose, embedded in fibrous fatty tissue?

minor alar cartilage

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The roof of the nasal cavity is up against the ____

cranial fossa

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The roof of the nasal cavity is at the line of ____ (external structure)

bridge of the nose (high)

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What is the epithelial lining of the roof of the nasal cavity?

olfactory epithelium

w/ CN 1 dendritic process **bipolar fibers!

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What 2 bony prominences make up the floor of the nasal cavity?

horizontal plates of maxillae and palatine bones

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The 2 bony prominences that make up the floor of the nasal cavity also contribute to ____

hard palate

horizontal plates of maxillae and palatine bones

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What is the epithelial lining of the floor of the nasal cavity?

stratified squamous epithelium

either parakeratinized or keratinzied

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What makes up the anterior border of the nasal cavity?

septal cartilage

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What 7 cartilage/bones make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

cartilage: lateral process of septal and minor/major alar
nasal bones
maxillae: frontal process
lacrimal bone
ethmoid: superior conchae, middle conchae, uncinate process
6 sphenoid: medial pterygoid plate
inferior conchae

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Conchae/turbinate
Which is the clinical term
Which is the anatomic term

clinical = turbinate
anatomic = conchae

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What are the 3 conchae/turbinates of the nasal cavity? What bones are they from?

superior conchae - ethmoid
middle conchae - ethmoid
inferior conchae - it’s own bone

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What is the difference between a conchae and a meatus

conchae = bony medial process
meatus = space underneath these processes

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Which meatus is inferior to superior nasal conchae

superior meatus

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Which meatus is inferior to middle nasal conchae

middle meatus

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Which meatus is inferior to inferior nasal conchae

inferior meatus

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What is the space called that is superior to superior conchae?

spheno-ethmoidal recess

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What is the spheno-ethmoidal recess?

The space above the superior conchae of the nasal cavity

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The frontal sinus is found within the __ bone

frontal

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Frontal sinus is found ___ to midline

lateral

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Frontal sinus drains via ___

frontonasal duct -> frontonasal canal

The frontal sinus drains the frontonasal canal into the ___

infundibulum

How does the infundibulum play a role in frontal sinus drainage?

the frontonasal canal drains into the infundibulum

From the infundibulum, where does frontal sinus drainage go?

semilunaris hiatus

Semilunaris hiatus is a part of ___ meatus

middle meatus

Semilunaris hiatus (part of middle meatus) receives frontal sinus drainage from ___

infundibulum

From the semilunaris hiatus, frontal sinus drainage goes to ___

middle meatus of nasal cavity, anterior to ethmoidal bulla

How do ethmoidal bulla play a role in frontal sinus drainage?

When frontal sinus drainage gets to the middle meatus of nasal cavity, it empties ANTERIOR to the ethmoidal bulla

The ethmoidal bulla is an outpocketing of ____

middle ethmoidal air cells

What is creating the "groove" of semilunar groove

bottom of groove is because of UNCINATE PROCESS OF ETHMOID BONE

The maxillary sinus is made up of __ (#) walls

In coronal section, the maxillary sinus appears ___

pyramidal

The superior wall of maxillary sinus separates __ from the maxillary sinus

orbit

The medial wall of maxillary sinus separates __ from the maxillary sinus

nasal cavity

The lateral wall separates __ from the maxillary sinus

infratemporal fossa

What are the 3 walls of the maxillary sinus?

superior wall medial wall lateral wall

What is the opening for maxillary sinus drainage?

maxillary ostium

What is the maxillary ostium?

the opening for maxillary sinus drainage

The maxillary ostium opens into the ___

middle meatus of the nasal cavity

Roots of maxillary teeth may project into the ___ sinus

maxillary sinus

Roots of maxillary teeth projecting into maxillary sinus are covered with ___

mucoperiosteum

What is mucoperiosteum? What does it cover?

covers roots of maxillary teeth that project into the maxillary sinus

If roots of maxillary teeth project into maxillary sinus, this can lead to 2 clinical situations. What are they?

1. infection spreads from decayed tooth -> sinus | 2. extraction of tooth tears sinus membrane

A tooth that's roots projected into maxillary sinus was extracted. What does this lead to? What are the symptoms?

This can lead to a torn maxillary sinus membrane producing a FISTULA between the mouth and maxillary sinus symptoms: patient cannot blow cheeks out because air from mouth escapes into max sinus -> nasal cavity

What produces a fistula between the mouth and maxillary sinus?

extracting a tooth whose roots were projecting into maxillary sinus leads to patient unable to "blow cheeks out" bc air escapes through paranasal sinus pathways

The ___ of the ethmoid contributes to the bottom part of the semilunar groove

uncinate process

___ anchors the ethmoidal air cells (sinus) into the superior sagittal sinus

crista galli

The crista galli of the ethmoid anchors __ to __

the ethmoidal air cells to the superior sagittal sinus

Anterior air cells drain into __ Middle air cells drain into __ posterior air cells drain into __

anterior - semilunar hiatus middle - bulla posterior - superior meatus

How many sphenoid sinuses are there?

although it is technically "paired" (2) it can be sub-compartmentalized so it can be from 2-7

What is the opening for drainage for the sphenoid sinus?

sphenoidal sinus opening

What does the sphenoidal sinus opening drain into?

the sphenoethmoidal recess

What is the special sensory innervation of the nasal cavity?

olfactory nerve ( CN 1)

CN 1 is the __ sensory innervation to the nasal cavity

special sensory

What cranial nerves provide general sensory for the nasal cavity

CN V1 and CN V2

CN V1 main branch providing general sensory to the nasal cavity

nasociliary

Nasociliary gives off 1 main branch:

anterior ethmoidal nerve

Anterior ethmoidal nerve isa branch off of ___

nasociliary nerve (CN V1)

Anterior ethmoidal nerve branches into ____

external nasal branch septal branch GENERAL SENSATION TO NASAL CAVITY

What are the 2 main branches from CN V2 providing general sensory to the nasal cavity

Infraorbital nerve | Nasopalatine nerve

Infraorbital nerve is a branch off of ___, branching into: supplying general sensation to nasal cavity

branch off of CN V2 branches into: internal nasal branch ASA

Nasopalatine nerve is a branch off of ___, branching into: supplying general sensation to nasal cavity

branch off of CN V2 branches into: posterior superior lateral nasal nerve posterior inferior lateral nasal nerve

All innervation of paranasal sinuses travel on branches of ____

CN V2

CN __ provides general sensation to paranasal sinuses?

CN V2

What branches of CN V2 provides general senstion to paranasal sinuses?

CN V2: INFRAORBITAL BRANCHES provide general sensation to paranasal sinuses - ASA - MSA - External/internal branches

Parasympathetics to paranasal sinuses come from ____ in the brain

superior salivary nucleus

From superior salviary nucleus, parasympathetics to paranasal sinus go to ___

geniculate ganglion (aka geniculum)

From the geniculate ganglion, paranasal parasympathetics leave via ____

greater petrosal nerve

Greater petrosal nerve joins with ____ to become ___ *paranasal sinuses parasympathetic innervation

joins with sympathetics to become vidian nerve (nerve of pterygoid canal)

Vidian nerve of pterygoid canal parasympathetics synapse in ____ *paranasal sinuses parasympathetic innervation

pterygopalatine ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa

Sympathetic innervation to the paranasal sinuses comes from what vertebral level?

T1, Deep petrosal nerve

Deep petrosal nerve joins with ____ to form: sympathetic innervation to paranasal sinuses

deep petrosal nerve joins with greater petrosal nerve (CN 7, parasympathetics) to form vidian nerve (nerve of pterygoid canal)

Vidian nerve of pterygoid canal is pre/post ganglionic sympathetic while heading into the pterygopalatine ganglion

post-ganglionic