Nasal Cavity Flashcards
What are the main cartilages of the external nose
septal cartilage and alar cartilage
What is the division of the septal cartilage?
lateral process (2) Superior margin
____ make up most of the anterior portion of the external nose?
lateral processes of septal cartilage
What is the division of the alar cartilage?
major and minor alar cartilages
Major/minor alar cartilage
Which is U-shaped and at the tip of the nose?
major alar cartilage
Major/minor alar cartilage
Which is at the posterior aspect of external nose, embedded in fibrous fatty tissue?
minor alar cartilage
The roof of the nasal cavity is up against the ____
cranial fossa
The roof of the nasal cavity is at the line of ____ (external structure)
bridge of the nose (high)
What is the epithelial lining of the roof of the nasal cavity?
olfactory epithelium
w/ CN 1 dendritic process **bipolar fibers!
What 2 bony prominences make up the floor of the nasal cavity?
horizontal plates of maxillae and palatine bones
The 2 bony prominences that make up the floor of the nasal cavity also contribute to ____
hard palate
horizontal plates of maxillae and palatine bones
What is the epithelial lining of the floor of the nasal cavity?
stratified squamous epithelium
either parakeratinized or keratinzied
What makes up the anterior border of the nasal cavity?
septal cartilage
What 7 cartilage/bones make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
- cartilage: lateral process of septal and minor/major alar
- nasal bones
- maxillae: frontal process
- lacrimal bone
- ethmoid: superior conchae, middle conchae, uncinate process
6 sphenoid: medial pterygoid plate - inferior conchae
Conchae/turbinate
Which is the clinical term
Which is the anatomic term
clinical = turbinate anatomic = conchae
What are the 3 conchae/turbinates of the nasal cavity? What bones are they from?
superior conchae - ethmoid
middle conchae - ethmoid
inferior conchae - it’s own bone
What is the difference between a conchae and a meatus
conchae = bony medial process meatus = space underneath these processes
Which meatus is inferior to superior nasal conchae
superior meatus
Which meatus is inferior to middle nasal conchae
middle meatus
Which meatus is inferior to inferior nasal conchae
inferior meatus
What is the space called that is superior to superior conchae?
spheno-ethmoidal recess
What is the spheno-ethmoidal recess?
The space above the superior conchae of the nasal cavity
The frontal sinus is found within the __ bone
frontal
Frontal sinus is found ___ to midline
lateral
Frontal sinus drains via ___
frontonasal duct -> frontonasal canal
The frontal sinus drains the frontonasal canal into the ___
infundibulum
How does the infundibulum play a role in frontal sinus drainage?
the frontonasal canal drains into the infundibulum
From the infundibulum, where does frontal sinus drainage go?
semilunaris hiatus
Semilunaris hiatus is a part of ___ meatus
middle meatus
Semilunaris hiatus (part of middle meatus) receives frontal sinus drainage from ___
infundibulum
From the semilunaris hiatus, frontal sinus drainage goes to ___
middle meatus of nasal cavity, anterior to ethmoidal bulla
How do ethmoidal bulla play a role in frontal sinus drainage?
When frontal sinus drainage gets to the middle meatus of nasal cavity, it empties ANTERIOR to the ethmoidal bulla
The ethmoidal bulla is an outpocketing of ____
middle ethmoidal air cells
What is creating the “groove” of semilunar groove
bottom of groove is because of UNCINATE PROCESS OF ETHMOID BONE
The maxillary sinus is made up of __ (#) walls
3
In coronal section, the maxillary sinus appears ___
pyramidal
The superior wall of maxillary sinus separates __ from the maxillary sinus
orbit
The medial wall of maxillary sinus separates __ from the maxillary sinus
nasal cavity
The lateral wall separates __ from the maxillary sinus
infratemporal fossa
What are the 3 walls of the maxillary sinus?
superior wall
medial wall
lateral wall
What is the opening for maxillary sinus drainage?
maxillary ostium
What is the maxillary ostium?
the opening for maxillary sinus drainage
The maxillary ostium opens into the ___
middle meatus of the nasal cavity
Roots of maxillary teeth may project into the ___ sinus
maxillary sinus
Roots of maxillary teeth projecting into maxillary sinus are covered with ___
mucoperiosteum
What is mucoperiosteum? What does it cover?
covers roots of maxillary teeth that project into the maxillary sinus
If roots of maxillary teeth project into maxillary sinus, this can lead to 2 clinical situations. What are they?
- infection spreads from decayed tooth -> sinus
2. extraction of tooth tears sinus membrane
A tooth that’s roots projected into maxillary sinus was extracted. What does this lead to?
What are the symptoms?
This can lead to a torn maxillary sinus membrane
producing a FISTULA between the mouth and maxillary sinus
symptoms: patient cannot blow cheeks out because air from mouth escapes into max sinus -> nasal cavity
What produces a fistula between the mouth and maxillary sinus?
extracting a tooth whose roots were projecting into maxillary sinus
leads to patient unable to “blow cheeks out” bc air escapes through paranasal sinus pathways
The ___ of the ethmoid contributes to the bottom part of the semilunar groove
uncinate process
___ anchors the ethmoidal air cells (sinus) into the superior sagittal sinus
crista galli
The crista galli of the ethmoid anchors __ to __
the ethmoidal air cells to the superior sagittal sinus
Anterior air cells drain into __
Middle air cells drain into __
posterior air cells drain into __
anterior - semilunar hiatus
middle - bulla
posterior - superior meatus
How many sphenoid sinuses are there?
although it is technically “paired” (2) it can be sub-compartmentalized
so it can be from 2-7
What is the opening for drainage for the sphenoid sinus?
sphenoidal sinus opening
What does the sphenoidal sinus opening drain into?
the sphenoethmoidal recess
What is the special sensory innervation of the nasal cavity?
olfactory nerve ( CN 1)
CN 1 is the __ sensory innervation to the nasal cavity
special sensory
What cranial nerves provide general sensory for the nasal cavity
CN V1 and CN V2
CN V1 main branch providing general sensory to the nasal cavity
nasociliary
Nasociliary gives off 1 main branch:
anterior ethmoidal nerve
Anterior ethmoidal nerve isa branch off of ___
nasociliary nerve (CN V1)
Anterior ethmoidal nerve branches into ____
external nasal branch
septal branch
GENERAL SENSATION TO NASAL CAVITY
What are the 2 main branches from CN V2 providing general sensory to the nasal cavity
Infraorbital nerve
Nasopalatine nerve
Infraorbital nerve is a branch off of ___, branching into:
supplying general sensation to nasal cavity
branch off of CN V2
branches into:
internal nasal branch
ASA
Nasopalatine nerve is a branch off of ___, branching into:
supplying general sensation to nasal cavity
branch off of CN V2
branches into:
posterior superior lateral nasal nerve
posterior inferior lateral nasal nerve
All innervation of paranasal sinuses travel on branches of ____
CN V2
CN __ provides general sensation to paranasal sinuses?
CN V2
What branches of CN V2 provides general senstion to paranasal sinuses?
CN V2: INFRAORBITAL BRANCHES provide general sensation to paranasal sinuses
- ASA
- MSA
- External/internal branches
Parasympathetics to paranasal sinuses come from ____ in the brain
superior salivary nucleus
From superior salviary nucleus, parasympathetics to paranasal sinus go to ___
geniculate ganglion (aka geniculum)
From the geniculate ganglion, paranasal parasympathetics leave via ____
greater petrosal nerve
Greater petrosal nerve joins with ____ to become ___
*paranasal sinuses parasympathetic innervation
joins with sympathetics to become vidian nerve (nerve of pterygoid canal)
Vidian nerve of pterygoid canal parasympathetics synapse in ____
*paranasal sinuses parasympathetic innervation
pterygopalatine ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa
Sympathetic innervation to the paranasal sinuses comes from what vertebral level?
T1, Deep petrosal nerve
Deep petrosal nerve joins with ____ to form:
sympathetic innervation to paranasal sinuses
deep petrosal nerve joins with greater petrosal nerve (CN 7, parasympathetics)
to form vidian nerve (nerve of pterygoid canal)
Vidian nerve of pterygoid canal is pre/post ganglionic sympathetic while heading into the pterygopalatine ganglion
post-ganglionic
