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Anatomy 6513 UNIT 2 > Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main cartilages of the external nose

A

septal cartilage and alar cartilage

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2
Q

What is the division of the septal cartilage?

A 
lateral process (2)
Superior margin
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3
Q

____ make up most of the anterior portion of the external nose?

A

lateral processes of septal cartilage

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4
Q

What is the division of the alar cartilage?

A

major and minor alar cartilages

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5
Q

Major/minor alar cartilage

Which is U-shaped and at the tip of the nose?

A

major alar cartilage

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6
Q

Major/minor alar cartilage

Which is at the posterior aspect of external nose, embedded in fibrous fatty tissue?

A

minor alar cartilage

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7
Q

The roof of the nasal cavity is up against the ____

A

cranial fossa

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8
Q

The roof of the nasal cavity is at the line of ____ (external structure)

A

bridge of the nose (high)

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9
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

olfactory epithelium

w/ CN 1 dendritic process **bipolar fibers!

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10
Q

What 2 bony prominences make up the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

horizontal plates of maxillae and palatine bones

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11
Q

The 2 bony prominences that make up the floor of the nasal cavity also contribute to ____

A

hard palate

horizontal plates of maxillae and palatine bones

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12
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

either parakeratinized or keratinzied

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13
Q

What makes up the anterior border of the nasal cavity?

A

septal cartilage

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14
Q

What 7 cartilage/bones make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. cartilage: lateral process of septal and minor/major alar
  2. nasal bones
  3. maxillae: frontal process
  4. lacrimal bone
  5. ethmoid: superior conchae, middle conchae, uncinate process
    6 sphenoid: medial pterygoid plate
  6. inferior conchae
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15
Q

Conchae/turbinate
Which is the clinical term
Which is the anatomic term

A 
clinical = turbinate
anatomic = conchae
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16
Q

What are the 3 conchae/turbinates of the nasal cavity? What bones are they from?

A

superior conchae - ethmoid
middle conchae - ethmoid
inferior conchae - it’s own bone

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17
Q

What is the difference between a conchae and a meatus

A 
conchae = bony medial process
meatus = space underneath these processes
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18
Q

Which meatus is inferior to superior nasal conchae

A

superior meatus

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19
Q

Which meatus is inferior to middle nasal conchae

A

middle meatus

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20
Q

Which meatus is inferior to inferior nasal conchae

A

inferior meatus

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21
Q

What is the space called that is superior to superior conchae?

A

spheno-ethmoidal recess

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22
Q

What is the spheno-ethmoidal recess?

A

The space above the superior conchae of the nasal cavity

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23
Q

The frontal sinus is found within the __ bone

A

frontal

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24
Q

Frontal sinus is found ___ to midline

A

lateral

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25
Q

Frontal sinus drains via ___

A

frontonasal duct -> frontonasal canal

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26
Q

The frontal sinus drains the frontonasal canal into the ___

A

infundibulum

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27
Q

How does the infundibulum play a role in frontal sinus drainage?

A

the frontonasal canal drains into the infundibulum

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28
Q

From the infundibulum, where does frontal sinus drainage go?

A

semilunaris hiatus

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29
Q

Semilunaris hiatus is a part of ___ meatus

A

middle meatus

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30
Q

Semilunaris hiatus (part of middle meatus) receives frontal sinus drainage from ___

A

infundibulum

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31
Q

From the semilunaris hiatus, frontal sinus drainage goes to ___

A

middle meatus of nasal cavity, anterior to ethmoidal bulla

32
Q

How do ethmoidal bulla play a role in frontal sinus drainage?

A

When frontal sinus drainage gets to the middle meatus of nasal cavity, it empties ANTERIOR to the ethmoidal bulla

33
Q

The ethmoidal bulla is an outpocketing of ____

A

middle ethmoidal air cells

34
Q

What is creating the “groove” of semilunar groove

A

bottom of groove is because of UNCINATE PROCESS OF ETHMOID BONE

35
Q

The maxillary sinus is made up of __ (#) walls

36
Q

In coronal section, the maxillary sinus appears ___

37
Q

The superior wall of maxillary sinus separates __ from the maxillary sinus

38
Q

The medial wall of maxillary sinus separates __ from the maxillary sinus

A

nasal cavity

39
Q

The lateral wall separates __ from the maxillary sinus

A

infratemporal fossa

40
Q

What are the 3 walls of the maxillary sinus?

A

superior wall
medial wall
lateral wall

41
Q

What is the opening for maxillary sinus drainage?

A

maxillary ostium

42
Q

What is the maxillary ostium?

A

the opening for maxillary sinus drainage

43
Q

The maxillary ostium opens into the ___

A

middle meatus of the nasal cavity

44
Q

Roots of maxillary teeth may project into the ___ sinus

A

maxillary sinus

45
Q

Roots of maxillary teeth projecting into maxillary sinus are covered with ___

A

mucoperiosteum

46
Q

What is mucoperiosteum? What does it cover?

A

covers roots of maxillary teeth that project into the maxillary sinus

47
Q

If roots of maxillary teeth project into maxillary sinus, this can lead to 2 clinical situations. What are they?

A
  1. infection spreads from decayed tooth -> sinus

2. extraction of tooth tears sinus membrane

48
Q

A tooth that’s roots projected into maxillary sinus was extracted. What does this lead to?

What are the symptoms?

A

This can lead to a torn maxillary sinus membrane

producing a FISTULA between the mouth and maxillary sinus

symptoms: patient cannot blow cheeks out because air from mouth escapes into max sinus -> nasal cavity

49
Q

What produces a fistula between the mouth and maxillary sinus?

A

extracting a tooth whose roots were projecting into maxillary sinus

leads to patient unable to “blow cheeks out” bc air escapes through paranasal sinus pathways

50
Q

The ___ of the ethmoid contributes to the bottom part of the semilunar groove

A

uncinate process

51
Q

___ anchors the ethmoidal air cells (sinus) into the superior sagittal sinus

A

crista galli

52
Q

The crista galli of the ethmoid anchors __ to __

A

the ethmoidal air cells to the superior sagittal sinus

53
Q

Anterior air cells drain into __
Middle air cells drain into __
posterior air cells drain into __

A

anterior - semilunar hiatus
middle - bulla
posterior - superior meatus

54
Q

How many sphenoid sinuses are there?

A

although it is technically “paired” (2) it can be sub-compartmentalized

so it can be from 2-7

55
Q

What is the opening for drainage for the sphenoid sinus?

A

sphenoidal sinus opening

56
Q

What does the sphenoidal sinus opening drain into?

A

the sphenoethmoidal recess

57
Q

What is the special sensory innervation of the nasal cavity?

A

olfactory nerve ( CN 1)

58
Q

CN 1 is the __ sensory innervation to the nasal cavity

A

special sensory

59
Q

What cranial nerves provide general sensory for the nasal cavity

A

CN V1 and CN V2

60
Q

CN V1 main branch providing general sensory to the nasal cavity

A

nasociliary

61
Q

Nasociliary gives off 1 main branch:

A

anterior ethmoidal nerve

62
Q

Anterior ethmoidal nerve isa branch off of ___

A

nasociliary nerve (CN V1)

63
Q

Anterior ethmoidal nerve branches into ____

A

external nasal branch
septal branch

GENERAL SENSATION TO NASAL CAVITY

64
Q

What are the 2 main branches from CN V2 providing general sensory to the nasal cavity

A

Infraorbital nerve

Nasopalatine nerve

65
Q

Infraorbital nerve is a branch off of ___, branching into:

supplying general sensation to nasal cavity

A

branch off of CN V2

branches into:
internal nasal branch
ASA

66
Q

Nasopalatine nerve is a branch off of ___, branching into:

supplying general sensation to nasal cavity

A

branch off of CN V2

branches into:
posterior superior lateral nasal nerve
posterior inferior lateral nasal nerve

67
Q

All innervation of paranasal sinuses travel on branches of ____

68
Q

CN __ provides general sensation to paranasal sinuses?

69
Q

What branches of CN V2 provides general senstion to paranasal sinuses?

A

CN V2: INFRAORBITAL BRANCHES provide general sensation to paranasal sinuses

  • ASA
  • MSA
  • External/internal branches
70
Q

Parasympathetics to paranasal sinuses come from ____ in the brain

A

superior salivary nucleus

71
Q

From superior salviary nucleus, parasympathetics to paranasal sinus go to ___

A

geniculate ganglion (aka geniculum)

72
Q

From the geniculate ganglion, paranasal parasympathetics leave via ____

A

greater petrosal nerve

73
Q

Greater petrosal nerve joins with ____ to become ___

*paranasal sinuses parasympathetic innervation

A

joins with sympathetics to become vidian nerve (nerve of pterygoid canal)

74
Q

Vidian nerve of pterygoid canal parasympathetics synapse in ____

*paranasal sinuses parasympathetic innervation

A

pterygopalatine ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa

75
Q

Sympathetic innervation to the paranasal sinuses comes from what vertebral level?

A

T1, Deep petrosal nerve

76
Q

Deep petrosal nerve joins with ____ to form:

sympathetic innervation to paranasal sinuses

A

deep petrosal nerve joins with greater petrosal nerve (CN 7, parasympathetics)

to form vidian nerve (nerve of pterygoid canal)

77
Q

Vidian nerve of pterygoid canal is pre/post ganglionic sympathetic while heading into the pterygopalatine ganglion

A

post-ganglionic

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 2 (14 decks)

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