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Anatomy 6513 UNIT 2 > EMBRYO: Face, Nose > Flashcards

EMBRYO: Face, Nose Flashcards

1
Q

At Week ___, Facial Primordia is established

A

4

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2
Q

What are the 5 facial primordia

A

1 frontonasal prominence

2 maxillaary prominences

2 mandibular prominences

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3
Q

The 5 facial primordia develop where?

A

as bulging prominences around the stomodeum

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4
Q

Where is each facial primordia (week 4) in relation to th estomoedum?

A

frontonasal is rostral

maxillary is lateral

mandibular is caudal

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5
Q

Skeletal elements of the face are from ____

A

neural crest cells

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6
Q

Striated muscle, dermis, endothelium of blood vessels in the face develop from ____

A

paraxial mesoderm

of occipital somites to the tongue

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7
Q

What separates the primitive oral cavity from the development GI tract?

A

buccopharyngeal membrane/oral membran/oropharyngeal membrane

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8
Q

When does the buccopharyngeal membranedisintegrate?

A

Early week 5

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9
Q

During the EMBRYONIC PERIOD (weeks 4-8), what major developments occur in the face?

A

most facial structures develop during weeks 4-8

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10
Q

During FETAL PERIOD, what happens do the cranium?

What affect does this have on the eyes position/

A

cranium expands to accompany growing brain, causing eyes to shift anteriorly and medially

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11
Q

During FETAL PERIOD, what happens to the ears?

A

move superiorly

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12
Q

During FETAL PERIOD, what happens to the nose?

A

becomes more prominent

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13
Q

During FETAL PERIOD, what is the proportion of the face skeleton relative to the rest of the skull?

A

at first, facial skeleton appears small in comparison to the rest of skull

proportions become more normal when maxilla/mandible grow to allow space for teeth and once we acquire the paranasal sinuses

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14
Q

Nasal placodes appear at week __

A

4

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15
Q

The nasal placodes are 2 ______ thickenings within the ____ prominence

A

2 ectodermal thickenings within the frontonasal prominence

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16
Q

Surrounding ___ of the nasal placodes proliferates

A

mesenchyme

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17
Q

How do the medial and lateral nasal prominences form?

A

mesenchyme surrounding the nasal placodes proliferates, forming elevations

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18
Q

Mesenchyme surrounding nasal placodes proliferates and forms elevations. What are they

A

2 medial nasal prominences

2 lateral nasal prominences

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19
Q

Nasal pits can be seen at week __

A

5

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20
Q

Nasal pits deepen and expand in what direction

A

dorsally

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21
Q

what part of nasal placode sinks down into underlying mesenchyme creating a depression (forming the nasal pit)

A

epithelium

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22
Q

Why do nasal pits appear even more sunken in than they are?

A

because nasal pits begin to deepen simultaneously to the medial/lateral prominences forming

(week 5)

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23
Q

What significant facial developments occur month 2-3?

A

facial features are more pronounced

eyes move more mredially

ears more superiorly

FIRST OSSIFICATION CENTER OF THE SKULL

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24
Q

The first ossification center of the skull appears during month ___

A

2-3

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25
Q

What is the oronasal membrane?

A

membrane separating the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

26
Q

When does the oronasal membrane rupture?

A

end of week 6

27
Q

What happens after the oronasal membrane ruptures at the end of week 6?

A

after the oronasal membrane has ruptured (week 6), the nasal cavities communicate with the oral cavity

thru the PRIMORDIAL CHOANAE

28
Q

What ist he primordial choanea?

A

This is how the oral cavity and the nasal cavities initially communicate with each other after hte rupturing of the oronasal membrane

29
Q

What establishes the definitive choanea?

A

the development of the secondary palate establishes the definitive chonae which separates nasal cavity from nasopharynx

30
Q

Where is the choana found?

A

at the posterior extent of the nasal cavity

31
Q

Nasolacrimal groove is seen week __

A

6

32
Q

The nasolacrimal groove is a cleft between what 2 prominences

A

nasolacrimal groove is cleft between

LATERAL NASAL PROMINENCES and MAXILLARY PROMINENCES

33
Q

When is the nasolacrimal groove lost?

A

when the lateral nasal prominences and the maxillary prominences fuse together

34
Q

What happens to the nasolacrimal groove?

A

It forms a rod and is canalized

35
Q

When the nasolacrimal groove becomes a rod, what does it do?

A

it separates from the surface adn then canalizes into the nasolacrimal DUCT

36
Q

What is happening (in terms of germinal layers) during the formation of the nasolacrimal duct (from the nasolacrimal groove)

A

ectoderm proliferates into underlying mesenchyme

37
Q

What is at the superior end of the nasolacrimal duct?

A

nasolacrimal SAC

a dilation of the nasolacrimal duct

38
Q

Where is the nasolacrimal sac?

A

this is a dilation of the nasolacrimal duct

it is found at the superior end of the duct

39
Q

The inferior end of the nasolacrimal duct opens up into the ____

A

inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

40
Q

The nasolacrimal duct runs from __ to the ___

A

from the orbit to the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

**this is why our nose runs when you cry

41
Q

What structure is responsbile for our nose running when we cry?

A

nasolacrimal duct

because it runs from the orbit to the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

42
Q

Mandibular prominence fuse at ____

A

the midline

43
Q

Maxillary prominences grow, move medially, compress the nasal prominences at the midline… during week ___

A

6

44
Q

How does the growth of the maxillary prominences effect the medial nasal prominences?

A

WEEK 6 max prominences growth causes medial nasal prominences to compress together and eventually fuse (week 7)

45
Q

Medial nasal prominences fuse week ___

A

7

46
Q

What causes the medial nasal prominences to fuse week 7?

A

maxillary prominence growth causes medial nasal prominences to compress and fuse week 7

47
Q

Week 7, medial nasal prominences fuse creating ____

A

1 intermaxillary segment

48
Q

What are the components of the intermaxillary segment?

A

philtrum, premaxillary part of maxilla, 4 incisors and associated gingiva, and primary palate

49
Q

The intermaxillary segment is formed by what

A

the fusing of the medial nasal prominences

50
Q

What are the lateral palatine processes?

A

mesenchymal outgrowths

they are medial extensions from the maxillary prominences

51
Q

lateral palatine processes appear at week ___

A

6

52
Q

Lateral palatine processes project in what direction at first

A

inferomedially

53
Q

Why do lateral palatine processes project inferomedially at first

A

to make room for the growing tongue

54
Q

The lateral palatine processes ultimately fuse together to form

A

the secondary palate

55
Q

After the tongue is formed, what happens to the lateral palatine processes

A

they move horizontal and fuse with each other, primary palate and nasal septum

56
Q

What embryological structures is the hard palate made up of?

A

primary palate and anterior most part of secondary palate

57
Q

What embryological structures are the soft palate and uvula made up of?

A

the most posterior part of the secondary palate

58
Q

What ossifies/what does not ossify (hard/soft palate)

A

hard palate ossifies

soft palate does not ossify

59
Q

Cleft lips/palates are caused by _____

A

failure of medial nasal prominences to fuse with maxillary prominences

60
Q

Where do cleft palates/lips occur?

A

these are ANTERIOR palatal defects

61
Q

Cleft lips can be ___

A

unilateral, bilateral, midline

62
Q

Cleft palates are between ____

A

primary and secondary palates

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 2 (14 decks)

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