Craniovertebral Joints Flashcards
1
Q
Atlas/Axis
Which supports the skull
A
Atlas
2
Q
Atlas/Axis
Which has no body or no spinous process
A
Atlas
3
Q
Atlas/Axis
Which has large lateral facets?
A
Atlas
4
Q
Atlas/Axis
Which has large foramen transversum?
A
Atlas
5
Q
Atlas/Axis
Which has dens on superior surface?
A
Axis
6
Q
Atlas/Axis
Which has a bifid spinous process?
A
Axis
7
Q
What are the 2 main craniovertebral joints
A
atlanto occipital joint
atlanto axial joint
8
Q
Both the craniovertebral joints (atlanto occipital and atlanto axial) are ___ joints
A
synovial
9
Q
Atlanto occipital joint movement:
A
“YES”
and tilts head laterally from side to side
10
Q
Atlanto occipital joint is articulation between __ and __
A
occipital condyles and C1 facets
11
Q
Atlanto occipital joint is ___ synovial joint
A
condyloid synovial joint
12
Q
Altanto occipital joint range of motion is ____
A
flexion and extension
13
Q
Atlanto axial joint movement:
A
“NO”
14
Q
Atlanto axial joint is ___ synovial joit
A
pivot synovial joint
15
Q
Atlanto axial range of motion is ____
A
rotation
supplies 50% of cervical rotation
16
Q
The periosteal dura mater lines ___ and is continuous with ___
A
lines the cranial vailt
continuos with the spinal column
17
Q
The tectorial membrane is __ to the dura
A
deep
18
Q
Tectorial membrane is the superior extension of ____
A
posterior longitudinal ligament
19
Q
The superior extension of the posterior longitudinal ligament is the ____
A
tectorial membrane
20
Q
What is found deep to the tectorial membrane?
A
deep ligaments and craniovertebral joints
21
Q
What are the two membranes associated with the atlanto-occipital joint?
A
anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
22
Q
Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane is the superior extent of ____
A
anterior longitudinal ligament
23
Q
Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane attaches to the _____
A
base of the occipital bone and the margin of foramen magnum
24
Q
Anterior altanto-occipital membrane covers what part of the atlas?
A
covers the anterior arch of the atlas INFERIORLY
25
Posterior atlanto occipital membrane is a superior extent of ____
ligamentum flavum
26
What are ligamentum flavum?
fill the gaps between posterior vertebral arches
27
Superior extension of ligamentum flavum is ____
posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
28
What are the 4 deep ligaments of craniovertebral joint?
1 transverse ligament of atlas
2 cruciate ligament (cruciform ligament)
3 alar (check) ligament
4 apical ligament of dens
29
Transverse ligament of atlas holds __ to __
holds dens of axis (C2) tightly to the anterior arch of atlas (C1)
30
What shape is the transverse ligament of atlas?
bow shaped
31
If the dens is fractured, where would the fracture be and why?
the fracture would be at the base because the transverse ligament of the atlas holds dens so tightly to the anterior arch of C1
This fracture will likely not repair, but it is not fatal unless severs spinal cord
32
What are the components to the cruciate ligament?
superior longitudinal band
inferior longitudinal band
transverse ligament of atlas
33
What are the 2 "bands" in the cruciate (cruciform) ligament?
superior longitudinal band
| inferior longitudinal band
34
Both of the bands in the cruciate ligament are __ oriented
vertically
35
The superior longitudinal band attaches to ___
the foramen magnum
| traverses superiorly from the transverse ligament of the atlas
36
the inferior longitudinal band attaches to ___
the dens of C2 posteriorly
| traverses inferiorly from the transverse ligament of the atlas
37
Why is the cruciate ligament called the cruciate/cruciform ligament?
the 2 "bands" or "crura" + the transverse ligament of the atlas = a cross (crucifix)
38
What are the paired, "check" ligaments of the craniovertebral joints?
alar ligaments (check ligaments)
39
The alar (check) ligaments extend from __ to __
from dens to medial portions of occipital condyles
40
What do the alar ligaments "check"?
check lateral rotation of skull/head
| owls don't have this
41
Describe the apical ligament of the dens
slender band ascending from the apex of the dens
42
The apical ligament of the dens attaches to ____
anterior margin of foramen magnum
43
Apical ligament of dens is located deep to ____ (another ligament)
superior longitudinal band of the cruciate ligament
44
What is the main vein found in the craniovertebral region?
internal jugular vein
45
internal jugular vein emerges from ___
jugular formamen
46
What is the main artery found in the craniovertebral region?
internal carotid artery
47
Internal carotid artery enters ___
carotid canal
48
The sympathetic trunk (in the craniovertebral region) gives rise to the ___
internal carotid plexus
49
The internal carotid plexus comes from ___
sympathetic trunk
50
What main Cranial Nerves are found in the craniovertebral region?
7, 9, 10, 11, 12
51
CN 7 emerges from ___
stylomastoid foramen
52
CN 9 emerges from ____
jugular foramen
53
CN 10 emerges from ___
juuglar foramen
54
CN 11 emerges from ____
jugular foramen
55
CN 12 emerges from ___
hypoglossal canal
56
What are the 3 structures associated with the craniovertebral region?
pharynx
carotid sheath
sympathetic trunk
57
The pharynx, carotid sheath, sympathetic.
How are these all related to hte vertebrae?
pharynx, carotid sheath and sympathetic trunk are all prevertebral
58
Pharynx hangs off of the ___
pharyngeal tubercle at base of the skull
59
Pharynx is continuous with the ___
oral cavity
60
Carotid sheath is ___ to the pharynx
lateral and posterolateral
61
Sympathetic trunk is ___ to carotid sheath
posteromedial
62
What are the main ganglia at the base of the skull?
CN 9 inferior/superior ganglia
CN 10 inferior/superior ganglia
Sympathetic trunk gives superior cervical ganglia
63
CN 9 and 10 each have superior/inferior ganglia. These are ___ ganglia within __ foramen.
sympathetic ganglia
each within jugular foramen
64
Sympathetic trunk gives rise to ___
superior cervical ganglia
65
Superior cervical ganglia sends off ___
internal carotid plexus
66
Internal carotid plexus rides along ___
internal carotid artery
67
Cn 9 travels with what muscle ___
stylopharyngeus muscle
68
CN 9 travels bertween __ and __
ICA and ECA
69
CN 9 runs on the __ aspect of the stylopharyngeus muscle
lateral
70
CN 9 innervates what muscle
stylopharyngeus
71
Cn 9 descneds the back of ___
pharynx and tongue
72
CN 10 immediately splits into
pharyngeal nerve
| superior laryngeal nerve
73
pharyngeal nerve is a branch off of __
CN 10
74
superior laryngeal nerve is a branch off of __
CN 10
75
Pharyngeal nerve emerges ~__cm inferior to skull base
2
76
Pharyngeal nerve travels between __ and __ to innervate __
ICA and ECA
| to innervate pharynx
77
Superior laryngeal nerve arises __ to pharyngeal nerve
inferior
78
What makes up the pharyngeal plexus of nerves?
union of pharyngeal branches of CN 9 adn CN 10
79
What does CN 9 contribute to the pharyngeal plexus of nerves?
primarily contributes sensory fibers
and motor innervation to stylopharyngeus m
80
What does CN 10 contribute to the pharyngeal plexus of nerves?
supplies most of the motor innervation to pharyngeal muscles
also supplies parasympathetics
81
Where do the sympathetics in the pharyngeal plexus of nerves come from?
superior cervical ganglion
82
CN 11 runs immediately lateral to ___
CN 10
83
CN 11 runs immediately __ to CN 10
lateral
84
As CN 11 descends, it travels through ICA, ECA, which makes it appear that ____
CN 10 is beneath the carotid sheath
| but really CN 10 is within the carotid sheath
85
CN 11 supplies ___
trapezius m and SCM m
86
CN 12 runs __ within the __ triangle
inferiorly within the subamndibular triangle
87
CN 12 supplies the muscles of the __
tongue
88
While removing the head, we use the __ joints, and sever all ____
use the craniovertebral joints
| sever all ligaments
89
While removing the head, we use the ___ as a long plane for separation. Why?
Retropharyngeal space
Because it is full of loose fibrous connective tissue which is easy to rip
90
Retropharyngeal space is between __ fascia and __ fascia
buccopharyngeal and alar
91
Retropharyngeal space runs from __ to __
base of skull to superior mediastinum
92
Retropharyngeal space is easily accessed posterior to ___
carotid sheaths
93
Cervical nerves in craniovertebral region C1-C4 form:
cervical plexus
94
Cervical plexus is made up of what cervical levels?
C1-C4
95
Where is cervical plexus found?
C1-C4
| found posterior to longus capitis/colli m
96
Cervical nerves in craniovertebral region C3-C4 make up:
phrenic nerve
97
Phrenic nerve is made up of what cervical levels?
C3-5
98
Where is phrenic nerve found?
descends anteriorly across anterior scalene muscle
99
Cervical nerves in craniovertebral region C5-8 make up:
brachila plexus
100
Brachial plexus is made up of what cervical nerves?
C5-8
101
Brachial plexus runs between __ and __
anterior scalene muscle and middle scalene muscle
102
Vertebral arteries arise from __
subclavian artery
103
Vertebral veins drain into __
brachiocephalic vein
104
Vertebral aa and vv are located __ to cervical spinal nerves
anteiror
105
vertebral aa and vv both enter __ from what vertebral level?
transverse foramina of C6 and above
106
What are the 2 pharyngeal plexus of veins?
INTERNAL plexus
| EXTERNAL plexus
107
Where is the internal pharyngeal plexus of veins found?
between pharyngobasilar fascia and constrictor mm
108
Where is the external pharyngeal plexus of veins found?
outside of pharygobasilar fascia
