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Anatomy 6513 UNIT 2 > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

____ muscolofacial 1/2 cylinder

A

pharynx

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2
Q

___ links oral and nasal cavities

A

pharynx

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3
Q

the pharynx links __ and __

A

oral cavity and nasal cavity

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4
Q

the pharynx is common for __ and __

A

respiration and digestive tract

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5
Q

nasopharynx is from __ and __

A

base of skull to soft palate

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6
Q

oropharynx is from __ to __

A

soft palate to epiglottis

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7
Q

laryngopharynx is from __ to __

A

epiglottis to C6 vertebral levels

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8
Q

What is after the laryngopharynx?

A

esophagus

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9
Q

What are the 5 main structures found in the nasopharynx?

A
  1. auditory (/eustachian/pharyngotympanic) tube orifice
  2. torus tubarius
  3. pharyngeal recess
  4. pharyngeal tonsils
  5. salpingopharyngeal fold
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10
Q

What are all of the names for the auditory tube orifices

A

auditory tube orifice
eustachian tube orifice
pharygotympanic tube orifice

part of nasopharynx

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11
Q

Auditory tube orifice is posterior to ___

A

inferior concha

part of nasopharynx

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12
Q

Auditory tube orifice serves as a connection between __ and __

A

pharynx and middle ear

part of nasopharynx

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13
Q

Torus tubarius is composed of ___

A

auditory tube cartilage

part of nasopharynx

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14
Q

Torus tubarius is found posterior to ___

A

auditory tube orifice

part of nasopharynx

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15
Q

The posterior extent of torus tubarius is ___

A

the beginning of the salpingopharyngeal fold

part of nasopharynx

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16
Q

The pharyngeal recess is posterior to ___

A

torus tubarius

part of nasopharynx

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17
Q

What is the pharyngeal recess?

A

a groove along the lateral wall of the pharynx

part of nasopharynx

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18
Q

The pharyngeal recess is a groove along the __ wall of the pharynx

A

lateral

part of nasopharynx

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19
Q

The pharyngeal tonsils are ___ to torus tubarius

A

posterosuperior

part of nasopharynx

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20
Q

What is the salpingopharyngeal fold

A

a mucous membrane covering salpingopharyngeal muscle

part of nasopharynx

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21
Q

The oropharynx is __ to the oral cavity

A

posterior

part of nasopharynx

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22
Q

What are the 5 main structures found in the oropharynx

A
  1. palatoglossal arch
  2. palatopharyngeal arch
  3. palatine tonsils
  4. valleculae
  5. pallatopharyngeal sphincter
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23
Q

What is the palatoglossal arch?

A

mucosal fold over the palatoglossal muscle
first arch; anteriorly

part of oropharynx

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24
Q

What is the palatopharyngeal arch?

A

mucosal fold over the palatopharyngeal muscle; second arch; posteriorly

part of oropharynx

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25
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils located?

A

in tonsilar bed between 2 arches (palatopharyngeal arch and palatoglossal arch)

part of oropharynx

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26
Q

The vallecula is a fold posterior to ____ and anterior to ____

A

posterior to tongue
anterior to epiglottis

part of oropharynx

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27
Q

What is considered the “roof of the spit gutter” (holds saliva while breathing)

A

the vallecula of the oropharynx

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28
Q

How does the valecula of the oropharynx drain when the epiglottis is down?

A

laterally into the “lateral spit gutters” (piriform recess of laryngopharynx)

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29
Q

The palatopharyngeal sphincter is found within what muscle?

A

superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

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30
Q

What does the palatopharyngeal sphincter do when swallowing?

A

closes around the end of the soft palate and seals off the opening between the oropharynx and nasopharynx to bush bolus up against roof before pushing it down

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31
Q

Palatopharyngeal sphincter is a structure of the __pharynx

A

oro

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32
Q

What are the 7 mains tructures/vessels/nerves of the laryngopharynx

A
  1. epiglottis
  2. laryngeal cartilage
  3. piriform recess
  4. internal laryngeal nerve
  5. superior laryngeal vessels
  6. recurrent laryngeal nerve
  7. inferior laryngeal vessels
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33
Q

Laryngopharynx route air and food to the ____

A

esophagus and trachae

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34
Q

What are the 4 functions of the larynx?

A
  1. phonation
  2. regulate size of opening between vocal cords
  3. prevent foreign bodies from entering the airway
  4. act as a sphincter
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35
Q

What is the “lateral spit gutter”

A

piriform recess of the laryngopharynx

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36
Q

What is the piriform recess?

A

lateral spit gutters located in the laryngopharynx

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37
Q

The piriform recess extends laterally to the _____ (within the laryngopharynx)

A

thyroid cartilage

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38
Q

Internal laryngeal nerve descends beneath ____

A

mucous membrane

in laryngopharynx

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39
Q

Superior laryngeal vessels descend beneath ___

A

mucous membrane

in laryngopharynx

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40
Q

What nerves/vessels DESCEND beneath the mucous membrane in laryngopharynx?

A

internal laryngeal nerve

superior laryngeal vessels

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41
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve is a branch off of ____

A

CN 10

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42
Q

Recurrentl aryngeal nerve ascends beneath ____

A

mucous membrane

in laryngopharynx

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43
Q

What nerves/vessels ASCEND underneath the mucous membrane?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

44
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch off of ___. Describe it’s course relative to subclavian artery.

A

Branch off of CN 10

loops under subclavian artery and ASCENDS underneath mucous membrane

45
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around ___.

A

subclavian artery

recurrent laryngeal nerve = branch of CN 10

46
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve runs in what groove?

A

trachae-esophageal groove

47
Q

When the recurrent laryngeal nerve enters the internal larynx it changes names to ___

A

inferior laryngeal nerve

48
Q

When does recurrent laryngeal nerve change names to inferior laryngeal nerve?

A

when it enters the internal larynx

49
Q

Inferior laryngeal vessels runs with ____

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve (& therefore inferior laryngeal nerve)

50
Q

What are the 5 pharyngeal layers?

A
  1. mucous membrane
  2. submucosa
  3. pharyngobasilar fascia
  4. muscular layer
  5. buccopharyngeal fascia
51
Q

Which layer is the “lining” for the pharynx

A

mucous membrane

52
Q

Which pharyngeal layer is directly below the mucous membrane

53
Q

Which pharyngeal layer is directly under the submucosa

A

pharyngobasilar layer

54
Q

Which pharyngeal layer is directly under pharygobasilar layer

A

muscular layer

55
Q

Which pharyngeal layer is directly under the muscular layer

A

buccopharyngeal layer

56
Q

What 2 groups of muscles are found in the muscular pharyngeal layer?

A
  1. elevator muscles

2. constrictor muscles

57
Q

What are the 3 elevator muscles found in the muscular pharyngeal layer?

A

stylopharyngeus muscle
salpingopharyngeus muscle
palatopharyngeus muscle

58
Q

The 3 elevator muscles of the muscular pharyngeal layer are all ___ oriented

A

longitudinally

59
Q

Elevator muscles/constrictor muscles

Which are on the outside of the pharynx vs inside of the pharynx

A

constrictor = outside
elevator = inside
*stylopharyngeal muscle

60
Q

What are the 3 constrictor muscles within the muscular pharyngeal layer?

A

superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
middle pharyngeal constrictor m
inferior pharyngeal constrictor m

61
Q

The buccopharyngeal fascia is found on the ____ of the pharynx

A

posterior extent

62
Q

Pharyngeal tubercle is found where?

A

at the superior extent of the posterior pharynx

63
Q

How far down the posterior extent of the the pharynx does the pharyngeal raphe go?

A

runs down ENTIRE midline of the pharynx

64
Q

The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle arises from the ____

A

pterygomandibular raphe

65
Q

Describe where the pterygomandibular raphe is

A

aka pterygomandibular ligament

ligamentous band of buccopharyngeal fascia
runs from pterygoid hamulus of medial pterygoid plate to mylohyoid line of the mandible.

66
Q

The pterygomandibular raphe is where the ____ arises

A

superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

67
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle meets up with ___ muscle anteriorly

A

buccinator

68
Q

The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is anchored to ____ superiorly

A

pharyngeal tubercle

69
Q

Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle arises from ____

A

greater horn of hyoid bone and inferior portion of stylohyoid ligament

70
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle overlaps with _____ muscle

A

middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle

& palatopharyngeal muscle

71
Q

What passes in between superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle?

A

stylohyoid ligament
stylopharyngeal muscle
CN 9

72
Q

Inferior pharyngeal cosntrictor muscle overlaps with ____ muscle

A

middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle

73
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle arises from ___

A

thyroid and cricoid cartilage

74
Q

What passes in between middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?

A

internal laryngeal nerve

superior laryngeal nerve

75
Q

both internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve pass between __ and __.

they also both pierce ____ membrane

A

superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles

both pierce the thyrohyoid membrane

76
Q

What is the oropharyngeal isthmus

A

part of the oropharynx

behind oral cavity,
bounded by the soft palate, palatoglossal arches, and tongue.

77
Q

What functions to close the oropharyngeal isthmus?

A

palatoglossus muscle

think: palatoglossal arch is PART of orpharyngela isthmus

78
Q

What makes up the palatoglossus sphincter

Where is this sphincter?

A

Palatoglossus muscle

originates anterolateral to soft palate, encircles inner pharyngeal wall

79
Q

Palatoglossus muscle interdigitates with _____ muscle

A

superior constrictor muscle

80
Q

Stylopharyngeus muscle arises from ___

A

styloid process

81
Q

Stylopharyngeus muscle passes between ____

A

superior and middle constrictor muscles

82
Q

Stylopharyngeus muscle interdigitates with _____

A

inferior constrictor muscle

83
Q

Salpingopharyngeal muscle arises from ___

A

auditory tube

84
Q

Salpingopharyngeal muscle descends with fibers from ____

A

palatopharyngeal muscle

85
Q

Salpingopharyngeal muscle is covered by ___

A

salpingopharyngeal fold

86
Q

What are the boundaries of the oropharyngeal triangle?

A

mylohyoid muscle
superior constrictor muscle
middle constrictor muscle

87
Q

What are the 4 components of the pharyngeal plexus?

A
  1. superior cervical ganglion
  2. pharyngeal branches of CN 10
  3. pharyngeal brnaches of CN 9
  4. external laryngeal branches (from CN 10)
88
Q

Superior cervical ganglion supplies ___ innervation to the pharynx

A

sympathetic

89
Q

Pharyngeal branches of CN 10 supply __ innervation tot he pharynx

A

motor innervation to all muscles of pharynx

except stylopharyngeus = CN 9

90
Q

Pharyngeal branches of CN 9 supply ___ innervation to the pharynx

A

sensory innervation to “most” of the pharynx
(just oropharynx)

also supplies motor innervation to stylopharyngeus muscle

91
Q

CN sensory innervation to::
Nasopharynx:
Oropharynx:
Laryngopharynx:

A

Nasopharynx: CN V2
Oropharynx: CN 9
Laryngopharynx: CN 10

92
Q

What are the 5 arteries (& branches) supplying the PHARYNX

A

All ECA branches

  1. superior thyroid artery (br: superior laryngeal artery)
  2. lingual artery
  3. ascending pharyngeal
  4. facial artery (br: ascending palatine -> tonsilar br)
  5. maxillary artery
93
Q

What are the 5 TONSILAR branch arteries?

A
  1. lingual tonsilar br
  2. facial tonsilar brach
  3. ascending pharyngeal tonsilar brach*
  4. maxillary -> descending pallatine tonsilar branch
  5. maxillary -> lesser pallatine tonsilar branch

*remmeber ascneidng pharyngeal is branch off of facial artery

94
Q

Pharyngeal venous plexus surrounds __ muscle

A

constrictor muscles

95
Q

Pharyngeal venous plexus drains into __-

96
Q

Paratonsilar veins drain into ___

A

tonsilar bed

97
Q

What are pharyngeal tonsils composed of?

Where are they?

A

lymph tissue on top of nasopharynx

98
Q

When ___ are enlarged, they are called adenoids

A

pharyngeal tonsils

99
Q

When pharyngeal tonsils are enlarged, what are they called?

100
Q

Adenoids constrict airway from ___

A

from nose to nasopharynx

101
Q

Adenoids cause what symptoms?

A

mouth breathing

102
Q

Adenoids impinge on _____ (2 things)

A
  1. torus tubarius and auditory tube orifice

2. obstruct airflow between nasopharynx and middle ear

103
Q

If you accidentally swallow an object, it could get trapped in ___

A

piriform recess

104
Q

An object trapped in piriform recess induces ___ because of what innervation?

A

chocking sensation because of internal laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve

105
Q

Sharp objects caught in the piriform recess can ____

A

pierce piriform recess

causing infection or injury to underlying nn/vessels

106
Q

What is deglutition?

A

swallowing

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 2 (14 decks)

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