Pharynx Flashcards
1
Q
____ muscolofacial 1/2 cylinder
A
pharynx
2
Q
___ links oral and nasal cavities
A
pharynx
3
Q
the pharynx links __ and __
A
oral cavity and nasal cavity
4
Q
the pharynx is common for __ and __
A
respiration and digestive tract
5
Q
nasopharynx is from __ and __
A
base of skull to soft palate
6
Q
oropharynx is from __ to __
A
soft palate to epiglottis
7
Q
laryngopharynx is from __ to __
A
epiglottis to C6 vertebral levels
8
Q
What is after the laryngopharynx?
A
esophagus
9
Q
What are the 5 main structures found in the nasopharynx?
A
- auditory (/eustachian/pharyngotympanic) tube orifice
- torus tubarius
- pharyngeal recess
- pharyngeal tonsils
- salpingopharyngeal fold
10
Q
What are all of the names for the auditory tube orifices
A
auditory tube orifice
eustachian tube orifice
pharygotympanic tube orifice
part of nasopharynx
11
Q
Auditory tube orifice is posterior to ___
A
inferior concha
part of nasopharynx
12
Q
Auditory tube orifice serves as a connection between __ and __
A
pharynx and middle ear
part of nasopharynx
13
Q
Torus tubarius is composed of ___
A
auditory tube cartilage
part of nasopharynx
14
Q
Torus tubarius is found posterior to ___
A
auditory tube orifice
part of nasopharynx
15
Q
The posterior extent of torus tubarius is ___
A
the beginning of the salpingopharyngeal fold
part of nasopharynx
16
Q
The pharyngeal recess is posterior to ___
A
torus tubarius
part of nasopharynx
17
Q
What is the pharyngeal recess?
A
a groove along the lateral wall of the pharynx
part of nasopharynx
18
Q
The pharyngeal recess is a groove along the __ wall of the pharynx
A
lateral
part of nasopharynx
19
Q
The pharyngeal tonsils are ___ to torus tubarius
A
posterosuperior
part of nasopharynx
20
Q
What is the salpingopharyngeal fold
A
a mucous membrane covering salpingopharyngeal muscle
part of nasopharynx
21
Q
The oropharynx is __ to the oral cavity
A
posterior
part of nasopharynx
22
Q
What are the 5 main structures found in the oropharynx
A
- palatoglossal arch
- palatopharyngeal arch
- palatine tonsils
- valleculae
- pallatopharyngeal sphincter
23
Q
What is the palatoglossal arch?
A
mucosal fold over the palatoglossal muscle
first arch; anteriorly
part of oropharynx
24
Q
What is the palatopharyngeal arch?
A
mucosal fold over the palatopharyngeal muscle; second arch; posteriorly
part of oropharynx
25
Where are the palatine tonsils located?
in tonsilar bed between 2 arches (palatopharyngeal arch and palatoglossal arch)
part of oropharynx
26
The vallecula is a fold posterior to ____ and anterior to ____
posterior to tongue
anterior to epiglottis
part of oropharynx
27
What is considered the "roof of the spit gutter" (holds saliva while breathing)
the vallecula of the oropharynx
28
How does the valecula of the oropharynx drain when the epiglottis is down?
laterally into the "lateral spit gutters" (piriform recess of laryngopharynx)
29
The palatopharyngeal sphincter is found within what muscle?
superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
30
What does the palatopharyngeal sphincter do when swallowing?
closes around the end of the soft palate and seals off the opening between the oropharynx and nasopharynx to bush bolus up against roof before pushing it down
31
Palatopharyngeal sphincter is a structure of the __pharynx
oro
32
What are the 7 mains tructures/vessels/nerves of the laryngopharynx
1. epiglottis
2. laryngeal cartilage
3. piriform recess
4. internal laryngeal nerve
5. superior laryngeal vessels
6. recurrent laryngeal nerve
7. inferior laryngeal vessels
33
Laryngopharynx route air and food to the ____
esophagus and trachae
34
What are the 4 functions of the larynx?
1. phonation
2. regulate size of opening between vocal cords
3. prevent foreign bodies from entering the airway
4. act as a sphincter
35
What is the "lateral spit gutter"
piriform recess of the laryngopharynx
36
What is the piriform recess?
lateral spit gutters located in the laryngopharynx
37
The piriform recess extends laterally to the _____ (within the laryngopharynx)
thyroid cartilage
38
Internal laryngeal nerve descends beneath ____
mucous membrane
in laryngopharynx
39
Superior laryngeal vessels descend beneath ___
mucous membrane
in laryngopharynx
40
What nerves/vessels DESCEND beneath the mucous membrane in laryngopharynx?
internal laryngeal nerve
| superior laryngeal vessels
41
Superior laryngeal nerve is a branch off of ____
CN 10
42
Recurrentl aryngeal nerve ascends beneath ____
mucous membrane
in laryngopharynx
43
What nerves/vessels ASCEND underneath the mucous membrane?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
44
Recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch off of ___. Describe it's course relative to subclavian artery.
Branch off of CN 10
loops under subclavian artery and ASCENDS underneath mucous membrane
45
Recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around ___.
subclavian artery
| recurrent laryngeal nerve = branch of CN 10
46
Recurrent laryngeal nerve runs in what groove?
trachae-esophageal groove
47
When the recurrent laryngeal nerve enters the internal larynx it changes names to ___
inferior laryngeal nerve
48
When does recurrent laryngeal nerve change names to inferior laryngeal nerve?
when it enters the internal larynx
49
Inferior laryngeal vessels runs with ____
recurrent laryngeal nerve (& therefore inferior laryngeal nerve)
50
What are the 5 pharyngeal layers?
1. mucous membrane
2. submucosa
3. pharyngobasilar fascia
5. muscular layer
6. buccopharyngeal fascia
51
Which layer is the "lining" for the pharynx
mucous membrane
52
Which pharyngeal layer is directly below the mucous membrane
submucosa
53
Which pharyngeal layer is directly under the submucosa
pharyngobasilar layer
54
Which pharyngeal layer is directly under pharygobasilar layer
muscular layer
55
Which pharyngeal layer is directly under the muscular layer
buccopharyngeal layer
56
What 2 groups of muscles are found in the muscular pharyngeal layer?
1. elevator muscles
| 2. constrictor muscles
57
What are the 3 elevator muscles found in the muscular pharyngeal layer?
stylopharyngeus muscle
salpingopharyngeus muscle
palatopharyngeus muscle
58
The 3 elevator muscles of the muscular pharyngeal layer are all ___ oriented
longitudinally
59
Elevator muscles/constrictor muscles
Which are on the outside of the pharynx vs inside of the pharynx
constrictor = outside
elevator = inside
*stylopharyngeal muscle
60
What are the 3 constrictor muscles within the muscular pharyngeal layer?
superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
middle pharyngeal constrictor m
inferior pharyngeal constrictor m
61
The buccopharyngeal fascia is found on the ____ of the pharynx
posterior extent
62
Pharyngeal tubercle is found where?
at the superior extent of the posterior pharynx
63
How far down the posterior extent of the the pharynx does the pharyngeal raphe go?
runs down ENTIRE midline of the pharynx
64
The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle arises from the ____
pterygomandibular raphe
65
Describe where the pterygomandibular raphe is
aka pterygomandibular ligament
ligamentous band of buccopharyngeal fascia
runs from pterygoid hamulus of medial pterygoid plate to mylohyoid line of the mandible.
66
The pterygomandibular raphe is where the ____ arises
superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
67
Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle meets up with ___ muscle anteriorly
buccinator
68
The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is anchored to ____ superiorly
pharyngeal tubercle
69
Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle arises from ____
greater horn of hyoid bone and inferior portion of stylohyoid ligament
70
Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle overlaps with _____ muscle
middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
& palatopharyngeal muscle
71
What passes in between superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
stylohyoid ligament
stylopharyngeal muscle
CN 9
72
Inferior pharyngeal cosntrictor muscle overlaps with ____ muscle
middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
73
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle arises from ___
thyroid and cricoid cartilage
74
What passes in between middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
internal laryngeal nerve
| superior laryngeal nerve
75
both internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve pass between __ and __.
they also both pierce ____ membrane
superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles
both pierce the thyrohyoid membrane
76
What is the oropharyngeal isthmus
part of the oropharynx
behind oral cavity,
bounded by the soft palate, palatoglossal arches, and tongue.
77
What functions to close the oropharyngeal isthmus?
palatoglossus muscle
| think: palatoglossal arch is PART of orpharyngela isthmus
78
What makes up the palatoglossus sphincter
Where is this sphincter?
Palatoglossus muscle
originates anterolateral to soft palate, encircles inner pharyngeal wall
79
Palatoglossus muscle interdigitates with _____ muscle
superior constrictor muscle
80
Stylopharyngeus muscle arises from ___
styloid process
81
Stylopharyngeus muscle passes between ____
superior and middle constrictor muscles
82
Stylopharyngeus muscle interdigitates with _____
inferior constrictor muscle
83
Salpingopharyngeal muscle arises from ___
auditory tube
84
Salpingopharyngeal muscle descends with fibers from ____
palatopharyngeal muscle
85
Salpingopharyngeal muscle is covered by ___
salpingopharyngeal fold
86
What are the boundaries of the oropharyngeal triangle?
mylohyoid muscle
superior constrictor muscle
middle constrictor muscle
87
What are the 4 components of the pharyngeal plexus?
1. superior cervical ganglion
2. pharyngeal branches of CN 10
3. pharyngeal brnaches of CN 9
4. external laryngeal branches (from CN 10)
88
Superior cervical ganglion supplies ___ innervation to the pharynx
sympathetic
89
Pharyngeal branches of CN 10 supply __ innervation tot he pharynx
motor innervation to all muscles of pharynx
| except stylopharyngeus = CN 9
90
Pharyngeal branches of CN 9 supply ___ innervation to the pharynx
sensory innervation to "most" of the pharynx
(just oropharynx)
also supplies motor innervation to stylopharyngeus muscle
91
CN sensory innervation to::
Nasopharynx:
Oropharynx:
Laryngopharynx:
Nasopharynx: CN V2
Oropharynx: CN 9
Laryngopharynx: CN 10
92
What are the 5 arteries (& branches) supplying the PHARYNX
All ECA branches
1. superior thyroid artery (br: superior laryngeal artery)
2. lingual artery
3. ascending pharyngeal
4. facial artery (br: ascending palatine -> tonsilar br)
5. maxillary artery
93
What are the 5 TONSILAR branch arteries?
1. lingual tonsilar br
2. facial tonsilar brach
3. ascending pharyngeal tonsilar brach*
4. maxillary -> descending pallatine tonsilar branch
5. maxillary -> lesser pallatine tonsilar branch
*remmeber ascneidng pharyngeal is branch off of facial artery
94
Pharyngeal venous plexus surrounds __ muscle
constrictor muscles
95
Pharyngeal venous plexus drains into __-
IJV
96
Paratonsilar veins drain into ___
tonsilar bed
97
What are pharyngeal tonsils composed of?
Where are they?
lymph tissue on top of nasopharynx
98
When ___ are enlarged, they are called adenoids
pharyngeal tonsils
99
When pharyngeal tonsils are enlarged, what are they called?
adenoids
100
Adenoids constrict airway from ___
from nose to nasopharynx
101
Adenoids cause what symptoms?
mouth breathing
102
Adenoids impinge on _____ (2 things)
1. torus tubarius and auditory tube orifice
| 2. obstruct airflow between nasopharynx and middle ear
103
If you accidentally swallow an object, it could get trapped in ___
piriform recess
104
An object trapped in piriform recess induces ___ because of what innervation?
chocking sensation because of internal laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve
105
Sharp objects caught in the piriform recess can ____
pierce piriform recess
| causing infection or injury to underlying nn/vessels
106
What is deglutition?
swallowing
