psychopharmacology

Question 1

Chronic and relapsing disease state characterized by compulsive use of a substance despite harmful or negative consequences to the user.

Answer 1

addiction

Question 2

Uncomfortable, harmful, unexpected, or emergent reactions to a drug.

Answer 2

adverse effects

Question 3

The strength of interest or attraction a drug has for a particular receptor.

Answer 3

affinity

Question 4

A drug that combines with a specific receptor to initiate the same reaction as that of a naturally occurring substance.

Answer 4

agonist

Question 5

A drug that combines with a specific receptor to inhibit or block a biochemical response.

Answer 5

antagonist

Question 6

(BBB) A three-wall barrier that serves to isolate brain circulation from systemic circulation and governs the quality of and rapidity with which substances in the blood penetrate into the brain.

Answer 6

blood brain barrier

Question 7

System that contains metabolic liver enzymes that greatly influence how the body responds to medication, medication sensitivity, drug-drug or drug-food interaction, and how much of a medication the body receives.

Answer 7

cytochrome P450 system

Question 8

The body’s physical need for a specific substance; cessation (abruptly stopping) use of a substance can result in withdrawal syndrome.

Answer 8

dependence

Question 9

The ability of a drug to produce the desired response.

Answer 9

efficacy

Question 10

There is a reciprocal relationship between dopamine and acetylcholine in the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway in the basal ganglia. As dopamine is blocked on the nigrostriatal pathway, there can be an acetylcholine surge, resulting in

Answer 10

extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

Question 11

The time it takes a drug to journey from metabolism to excretion, eliminating 50% of the drug from the body.

Answer 11

half-life

Question 12

A process in which cerebral voltage channels become overexcited and overfire, resulting in excesses of neurotransmission.

Answer 12

kindling

Question 13

The drug molecule that binds to the receptor.

Answer 13

ligand

Question 14

The products of the enzymatic breakdown of medications; typically far less chemically potent than the original drug.

Answer 14

metabolites

Question 15

A rare but potentially life-threatening neurological response to medications that can occur at any point in treatment; symptoms include an alteration in sensory process, cognitive changes that may look like delirium, hyperthermia, hyperreflexia, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, diaphoresis, and sialorrhea.

Answer 15

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 16

The way medications affect the body.

Answer 16

pharmacodynamics

Question 17

The way the body processes medications.

Answer 17

pharmacokinetics

Question 18

The clinical application of medications to brain circuit and neurotransmitter-receptor dysfunction.

Answer 18

pharmacotherapeutics

Question 19

The amount (dose) of the drug necessary to produce the desired response.

Answer 19

potency

Question 20

the disruption is caused by the antipsychotic medication blockade of dopamine in the basal ganglia, resulting in acetylcholine increases.

Answer 20

pseudoparkinsonism

Question 21

The study of the use of medications in the treatment of psychiatric-mental health disorders and conditions.

Answer 21

psychopharmacology

Question 22

A protein molecule (on the postsynaptic neuron) that receives and responds to a neurotransmitter ligand, a drug ligand (or medication), or other substances such as hormones and antigens.

Answer 22

receptor

Question 23

Medications designed to block these presynaptic transporters

Answer 23

reuptake inhibitors

Question 24

A constellation of symptoms caused by an excess of serotonin; symptoms include agitation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, rigidity, and/or hyperreflexia.

Answer 24

serotonin syndrome

Question 25

Symptoms that occur when a medication produces additional actions by interacting with neurotransmitters other than those at the target site.

Answer 25

side effects

Question 26

State achieved in about five half-lives of a medication, when the amount of a medication being taken equals the amount leaving the body.

Answer 26

steady state

Question 27

A movement disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, often associated with neuroleptic therapy and advanced age.

Answer 27

tardive dyskinesia

Question 28

Reduction or improvement in symptoms that occurs when a medication reaches the target site and produces the desired effect; the expected or intended response to a medication.

Answer 28

target effects

Question 29

An extreme adverse effect that disturbs the development of an embryo or fetus.

Answer 29

teratogenic effect

Question 30

The range at which therapeutic efficacy can be achieved without risking harm to the patient.

Answer 30

therapeutic range

Question 31

Occurs when increasing amounts of the substance are required to achieve the same effect.

Answer 31

tolerance

Question 32

The concentration of the amount of drug in the body that is harmful to an individual.

Answer 32

toxicity