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Psychology > psychopathology paper 1 > Flashcards

psychopathology paper 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four ways to define abnormality

A
  • statistical infrequency
  • deviation from social norms
  • failure to function adequately
  • deviation from ideal mental health
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2
Q

What is statistical infrequency

A

Defining abnormality in terms of statistics. Statistics is about analysing numbers

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3
Q

What is an example of statistical infrequency

A

IQ

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4
Q

What is classed as the normal IQ level and the abnormal IQ levels

A

Normal - 85-115

Abnormal - below 70 and above 130

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5
Q

What is deviation from social norms

A

When abnormality is based on a social context. When people behave in a way they’re not expected to behave

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6
Q

What is an example of deviation from social norms

A

Anti social personality disorder - where people fail to conform to to normal behaviour

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7
Q

evaluation of statistical infrequency

A

Strength: practical application - used for diabetes
Limitation: unusual characteristics can be positive

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8
Q

Evaluation of deviation from social norms

A

Limitation: cultural variation
Limitation: deviation from social norms not a sole explanation

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9
Q

What is failure to function adequately

A

Where you cannot carry out everyday tasks yourself

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10
Q

What is deviation from ideal mental health

A

How psychologically healthy someone is

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11
Q

Evaluation of failure to function adequately

A

Limitation - subjective

Strength - global assessment

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12
Q

Evaluation of ideal mental health

A

Limitation - jahoda unrealistic

Strength - wide criteria of mental health

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13
Q

behavioural, emotional and cognitive characteristics of phobias

A

B - panic
E - anxiety
C - irrational beliefs

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14
Q

Behavioural, emotional and cognitive characteristics of depression

A

B - lethargic
E - low mood
C - irrational beliefs

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15
Q

Behavioural, emotional and cognitive characteristics of ocd

A

B - compulsions
E - anxiety
C - obsessive

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16
Q

Behavioural approach to phobias

A

Unconditioned stimulus - unconditioned response
Neutral stimulus - neutral response
Unconditioned + neutral stimulus - unconditioned response (Association)
Conditioned stimulus - conditioned response

17
Q

Steps to systematic desensitisation

A

1 anxiety hierarchy
2 relaxation technique
3 exposure
4 counter conditioning

18
Q

Evaluation of behaviourist explanation of phobias

A

Strength: practical application led to SD treatment
Limitation: ethical issues with Albert
Limitation: seligman (genes create phobias)
Limitation: case study

19
Q

Evaluation of SD

A

Limitation: takes too long
Strength: gilroy - 42 patients after 3 & 33 months less fearful than control group

20
Q

What is flooding

A

Quick exposure to fear, consent needed

21
Q

Evaluation of flooding

A

Limitation: not al age groups

Limitation : traumatic

22
Q

Cognitive approach to depression

A

Necks triad (self, future, world) which explains irrational thoughts

23
Q

Evaluation to cognitive approach to depression

A

Strength: grappling and terry - 65 pregnant women high cognitive vulnerability = post natal depression
Limitation: reductionism - doesn’t explain corrals syndrome

24
Q

What is ellis’ abc model

A

A - activating event (what triggers irrational thoughts)
B - beliefs (irrational)
C - consequences (negative behaviour)

25
Q

Evaluation of abc model

A

Limitation: alloy & Abraham - depression = realists

People with depression are just being more realistic.

26
Q

What is CBT

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy - patient identifies their own negative beliefs and aims to change them

27
Q

what do patients have to do in CBT

A

Homework, journal, become come up with their experiments

28
Q

What is REBT

A

Rational emotive behavioural therapy

29
Q

What is the empirical argument

A

Disrupting evidence to support irrational beliefs

30
Q

What is the logical arguments

A

Disrupting negative thoughts from following facts

31
Q

Evaluation of CBT and REBT

A

Strength: REBT 90% success rate
Limitation: takes too long 27 sessions needed
Strength: match - CBT compared to antidepressants. On own 81% improvement together 86%
Limitation: CBT not effective for those with high irrational beliefs

32
Q

What is the biological approach to OCD

A

Genes - ocd is polygenic meaning there are multiples genes which can affect you from suffering
Neutral explanations - ocd = low levels of serotonin

33
Q

Evaluation of genes

A

Limitation: nature v nurture - also an environmental element
Limitation: diathesis stress model - Cromer found ocd more severe if you’ve suffered from trauma

34
Q

Evaluation of neural

A

Strength: serotonin drug has helped reduce ocd

Psychology (12 decks)

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