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Psychology > aggression paper 3 > Flashcards

aggression paper 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two main features of the limbic system

A

amygdala and hippocampus

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2
Q

what is the role of the amygdala

A

the amygdala assesses the response to environmental threats

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3
Q

what is the role of the hippocampus in the limbic system

A

it controls the memory of aggressive behaviour

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4
Q

what levels of serotonin leads to aggressive behaviour

A

low levels

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5
Q

what does serotonin do in terms of aggression

A

slows down neural activity

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6
Q

what hormone causes aggression

A

testosterone

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7
Q

what is cortisol

A

a stress hormone

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8
Q

what levels of cortisol leads to aggressive behaviour

A

high levels of cortisol

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9
Q

what was dolan’s research

A

he found a positive correlation between testosterone levels and aggressive behaviour of UK males in security hospitals

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10
Q

evaluation of neural explanation of aggression

A
  1. LIMITATION: each psychologist has a different definition of aggression so therefore we cannot test for aggression properly
  2. STRENGTH: gospic et al - “golden balls game” unfair response leads to aggressive behaviour
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11
Q

evaluation of hormonal explanation of aggression

A
  1. STRENGTH: Mehta et al measured testosterone before and after a loss in a game. After a loss, those with higher testosterone levels wanted a re-match in the game (73%)
  2. LIMITATION: socially sensitive research - telling men it’s not okay to be aggressive or unaggressive is sensitive
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12
Q

what is the name of the gene that causes aggression

A

MAOA gene

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13
Q

who does the MAOA gene effect

A

males

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14
Q

why does the MAOA gene not affect females

A

affects X chromosome, females have XX and so they cancel each other out

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15
Q

what neurotransmitter does MAOA affect

A

serotonin and dopamine

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16
Q

what hormone does the MAOA gene affect

A

testosterone

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17
Q

what level of the MAOA gene affects aggression levels

A

low levels

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18
Q

how does the MAOA gene work

A

the enzyme mops up the neurotransmitters

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19
Q

what is the warrior gene

A

when the MAOA gene has low levels of activity

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20
Q

evaluation of the genetic factors of aggression

A
  1. STRENGTH: brunner family - males aggressive in the family, females not - all males had MAOA gene
  2. (counter) LIMITATION: idiogrpahic research - cannot generalise the results of the Brunner family
  3. LIMITATION: deterministic view - legal system believes in free will so MAOA cannot be accepted as a mitigating factor
  4. LIMITATION: socially sensitive research - MAOA gene is passed from parents and so to blame them for aggression levels can result in families no longer wanting to take part in experiments
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21
Q

what does ethological mean

A

the study of animal aggression

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22
Q

what is innate aggression

A

we are only aggressive for a purpose

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23
Q

what is dominance and status

A

having more resources and and less competition

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24
Q

what is ritualistic aggression

A

where animals signal to one another to loom aggressive but avoids being physically aggressive

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25
Q

what is the purpose of ritualistic aggression

A

to assess the strength of you opponent

26
Q

what are innate realising mechanisms

A

brain networks that respond to specific stimuli by initiating a fixed action pattern

27
Q

what is an example of cognitive processing

A

innate releasing mechanism

28
Q

what is an example of behavioural processing

A

fixed action pattern

29
Q

what is a fixed action pattern

A

a sequence of stereotyped pre-programmed behaviours

30
Q

what was Tinbergen’s experiment

A

3 fake fish put into a tank with a stickleback fish. the two with red under bellies were attacked

31
Q

example of innate releasing mechanism in Tinbergen’s experiment

A

red under bellies

32
Q

example of fixed action pattern in Tinbergen’s experiment

A

attacking the fish

33
Q

evaluation of the ethological explanations of aggression

A
  1. STRENGTH: Lorenz argued that humans fight for territory like animals do
  2. (counter) LIMITATION: extrapolation - humans influenced by political factors so cannot be generalised to animals
  3. STRENGTH: hobbles eskimos - found that eskimos settle grudges through song duels to reduce aggressive behaviour to avoid death
  4. LIMITATION: biological determinism - fixed action plans never change, even if the animal loses the fight
34
Q

what are the 4 things that make cavemen act aggressively

A

protect their young, food territory and mates

35
Q

why were cavemen aggressive in terms of men

A

men were worried about cuckoldry as they could never be sure that their children were theirs

36
Q

how are men more able to eliminate competition

A

they have stronger jawlines, brow bones and skulls to be successful in fights

37
Q

what is the mate retention strategy

A

men will be aggressive towards their partners in order to keep their partner loyal

38
Q

what is direct guarding

A

not letting a mate talk to another male or female

39
Q

examples of direct guarding

A

having access to your partners social media

40
Q

what is negative inducements

A

comments said to reduce your partners self-worth

41
Q

examples of negative inducements

A

negative comments about their clothing

42
Q

evaluation of the evolutionary explanation of aggression

A
  1. STRENGTH: practical application - paternity tests
  2. LIMITATION: lacks temporal validity - society has changed too dramatically for it to explain relationships of today
  3. STRENGTH: can explain gender differences - women do not display aggressive behaviour as it would be maladaptive for her and her baby, instead women are verbally aggressive to stop partners from straying
  4. LIMITATION: kung san tribe - tribe has negative attitudes towards aggression. children are parted if they become aggressive - shows aggression can be controlled
43
Q

what does de-individuation focus on

A

anonymity

44
Q

what happens when we are individuated

A

we comply with social norms

45
Q

what happens when we are de-individuated

A

we loose our identity snd become disobedient

46
Q

what is private self-awareness

A

less attention to our own actions and focus on the events making us less critical

47
Q

what is public self-awareness

A

less attention to how towers view actions and feel less accountable

48
Q

what did zimbardo find in terms of de-individuation

A

once those with the role of guard put on their uniform they became far more aggressive

49
Q

evaluation of de-individuation

A
  1. STRENGTH: zimbardo 2nd study on females - 2 groups 1 hoodies, 1 with large name tags told they had to shock people. those in hoodies longer and higher shocks
  2. STRENGTH: practical application - important for police to prevent crimes
  3. LIMITATION: factors can result in positive outcomes, such as charity groups
  4. LIMITATION: gender differences - cannavale found that males and females respond differently to de-individuation. men more prone to disinhibition of aggressive behaviour
50
Q

what are the two dispositional factors

A

importation model and gang membership

51
Q

what are the features of the importation model

A

anger, anti social personality disorder, age, sex, race, impulsivity and low self control

52
Q

what did Drury and delsi find

A

studied 1000 inmates in USA prisons and found that gang members show higher levels of violence compared to non-gang members

53
Q

what are the two situational explanations

A

deprivation model and overcrowding

54
Q

what are the factors in the deprivation model

A

freedom, material goods, relationships, independence and safety

55
Q

how does overcrowding cause aggression

A

prisoners feel a larger lack of trust due to there being more people around, and as a result become more aggressive in order to protect their belongings

56
Q

evaluation of institutionalisation as an explanation of aggression

A
  1. STRENGTH: poole and regoli -
57
Q

what is catharsis

A

the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions

58
Q

what is the psychodynamic approach to aggression

A

frustration always leads to an aggressive behaviour

59
Q

what are the three displacement factors

A

punishment, available, abstract

60
Q

what was the origami study

A

pupils asked to create an origami - condensate asked teacher to slow down the instructions. group 1 = teacher said no because she was seeing her boyfriend
group 2 = said no because their boss wouldn’t allow them to

Psychology (12 decks)

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