Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology > gender paper 3 > Flashcards

gender paper 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what type of theory is Kohlberg’s theory

A

cognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define maturation

A

the way in which we grow and develop throughout our life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define socialisation

A

the process in which we inherit social norms and ideologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define universality

A

Kohlberg’s belief that all children will go through all the stages he outlined at the same ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the first stage in Kohlberg’s theory

A

gender identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is gender identity

A

where you can correctly identify whether you are male or female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what age does gender identity happen

A

age 3-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the second stage in Kohlberg’s theory

A

gender stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is gender stability

A

where children understand that their gender is permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what age does gender stability take place

A

age 4-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the final stage in Kohlberg’s theory

A

gender constancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is gender constancy

A

where children focus on other peoples genders and begin to make gender related stereotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are does gender constancy take place

A

6-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

evaluation of kohl bergs theory

A
  1. STRENGTH: Slaby and Fey research - children asked if they are male or female and could correctly identify
  2. STRENGTH: Thompsons research
  3. LIMITATION: self report technique - based off of assumptions
  4. LIMITATION: comparison to gender schema theory - Martin and Little research
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define what is meant by sex

A

whether you are genetically male or female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define what is meant by gender

A

a persons sense of maleness and femaleness which has been constructed by society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

define what is meant by sex role stereotypes

A

a set of shared expectations of how men and women should behave/act/think

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define what is meant by androgyny

A

having a high combination of both male and female characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many chromosomes are in the body

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does an egg chromosome look like

A

XX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does a sperm chromosome look like

A

XY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the prenatal effect of testosterone

A

develops the right hemisphere of the brain first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the postnatal effect of testosterone

A

voice deepens, aggression

24
Q

what is the prenatal effect of oestrogen

A

develops the left hemisphere of the brain first

25
what is the postnatal effect of oestrogen
menstrual cycle
26
what is oxytocin effect on women
breastfeeding & fight or flight response
27
what is oxytocin effect on men
fight or flight response suppressed by testosterone
28
evaluation of the role of chromosomes and hormones
1. LIMITATION: tricker et al - 43 males given an injection of testosterone or placebo but no difference in levels of aggression after 10 weeks 2. STRENGTH: bruce Brenda David - biological sex influences behaviour not surroundings 3. LIMITATION: BBD = idiographic research 4. STRENGTH: Batista family - born with female anatomy until puberty due to a lack of testosterone
29
what are examples of atypical sex chromosome patterns
kleinfelter's syndrome and turner's syndrome
30
who does kleinfelters syndrome affect
males
31
physical characteristics of kleinfelters syndrome
reduced body hair, breast development
32
psychological characteristics of kleinfelters syndrome
poor language/reading skills
33
who does turners syndrome affect
females
34
physical characteristics of turners syndrome
no menstrual cycle
35
psychological characteristics of turners syndrome
advanced reading skills
36
evaluation of atypical sex chromosome patterns
1. STRENGTH: practical application - 87 individuals with kleinfelters syndrome at an early age and had early treatments had more benefits 2. LIMITATION: socially sensitive to label people as atypical 3. STRENGTH: biologival determinism: we know the cause meaning we are able to create treatments 4. LIMITATION: idiographic research - individual differences
37
define identification in terms of gender
choosing your same sex parent to be your role model
38
define internalisation in terms of gender
copying the same sex parents behaviour
39
briefly explain the Oedipus complex in terms of gender
1. age 3-4 boys desire their mothers sole attention 2. dad becomes the rival, child fears castration and wants to eliminate the dad 3. boy then identifies with dad and internalises dads behaviour
40
evaluation of the psychodynamic explanation of gender
1. STRENGTH: little Hans - nightmare of horses 2. LIMITATION: little Hans = idiographic research - we don't know if little Hans recalled dreams accurately 3. LIMITATION: beta bias - Electra complex based off of oedipus 4. LIMITATION: green studied 37 children in non-nuclear families and only found 1 not to have a typical gender identity
41
define vicarious reinforcement in terms of gender
observing the consequences of a role models behaviour
42
define meditational processes in terms of gender
attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation
43
define direct reinforcement in terms of gender
whether you are rewarded or punished for behaviour
44
evaluation of the SLT explanation of gender
1. STRENGTH: bobo doll - girls copied female role model, boys copied male role model 2. LIMITATION: biological better - difference in aggression levels not explained in SLT 3. STRENGTH: Perry&bushey - video of male/female eating fruit - later when given a choice of fruit they copied what they had observed their role models eating
45
list people who influence our gender behaviour
family, friends
46
what is the medias role on gender behaviour
media gives children role models, it portrays gender stereotypes.
47
what happens to children who are exposed to the media
they show strong gender stereotypes
48
evaluation of media influence on gender
1. STRENGTH: williams - showed children tv for the first time, two years later they had become more stereotypical 2. LIMITATION: confounding variables - children not monitored so things like the radio could have affected the gender stereotype level
49
what is the definition and example of a collectivist culture
working together eg china
50
what is the definition and example of an individualistic culture
independent eg UK
51
evaluation of culture influence on gender
1. STRENGTH: meads cultural differences - 3 tribes: Arapesh = males&females gentle, Mundugumor = males&females aggressive, tchambuli = women dominant, males emotionally weak 2. LIMITATION: mead faked results
52
define gender identity disorder
a condition where there is a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity
53
what is the BSTc theory
an area of the brain where the size refers to gender identity as opposed to sex
54
who has larger BSTc's
males by 40%
55
evaluation of BSTc
1. STRENGTH: post mortars - people who had changed from male to female showed to have female sized BSTc 2. LIMITATION: validity - hormones affect the size of BSTc
56
what is the psychoanalytical explanation if atypical gender development
child has severe separation anxiety, child creates a symbiotic fusion with the mother and then identifies with them, child then wants to become them
57
evaluation of social influences of atypical gender development
1. STRENGTH: zucker et al -115 boys concerned with their gender identity = 64% also diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder 2. LIMITATION: rekey believes it is the absence of the father which results in GID

Psychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions