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approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the order of the approaches

A

Wundt, psychodynamic, behavioural, humanistic, cognitive, Slt, biological

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2
Q

what was the name of the first psycologist

A

Willhelm Wundt

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3
Q

what was wundts experiment called

A

introspection

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4
Q

what was the introspection experiment

A

where wundt asked questions about a picture to reflect thoughts emotions and sensations

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5
Q

How did wundts experiment become psychological instead of philosophical

A

He conducted a lab experiment

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6
Q

What is the key assumption made in the behaviourist approach

A

That our behaviour comes as a result of our observations

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7
Q

What two studies can be used in the behaviourist approach and what are they examples of

A

Example of classical conditioning - Pavlov’s experiment

Example of operant conditioning - Skinner’s experiment

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8
Q

What are the three consequences of behaviour

A

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment

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9
Q

Evaluation of the behaviourist approach

A
  1. STRENGTH: high internal validity (lab)
  2. LIMITATION: low ecological validity (lab)
  3. STRENGTH: practical application - led to the treatment of SD and flooding
  4. LIMITATION: extrapolation
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10
Q

What is the assumption made in the social learning theory approach

A

That all behaviour is learnt through experience and that we observe the behaviours of our role models

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11
Q

What are the four meditational processes

A

Attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation is

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12
Q

What is attention

A

The extent to which we notice certain behaviours

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13
Q

What is retention

A

How well the behaviour is remembered

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14
Q

What is motor reproduction

A

The ability of the observer to perform the behaviour

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15
Q

What is motivation

A

The will to perform the behaviour which is often determined by whether the behaviour was rewarded or punished

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16
Q

What is vicarious reinforcement

A

If the person you are watching is rewarded for their behaviour you will copy their behaviour, but if they are punished you will not copy their behaviour

17
Q

Evaluation of the social learning theory

A
  1. STRENGTH: bobo doll experiment - those who watched adults behave aggressively towards the dolls were also aggressive
  2. STRENGTH: cultural differences - kung SAN tribe = no aggression British children = aggression
  3. LIMITATION: ignores biological factors - boys more aggressive than girls
  4. LIMITATION: low ecological validity (lab)
18
Q

What is an assumption made by the cognitive approach

A

That behaviour comes as a result of how we think

19
Q

What is interference

A

The way mental processes operate on the basis of observed behaviour

20
Q

What are computer models

A

Our brain is the same as a computer - we focus on the internal mental processes (baddeley and coding)

21
Q

What are the two theoretical models

A

Msm, wmm

22
Q

What is a schema

A

A mental framework of information developed by experiences

23
Q

Evaluation of the cognitive approach

A
  1. STRENGTH: high internal validity (lab)
  2. LIMITATION: low eco validity (lab)
  3. STRENGTH: practical application - CBT,REBT
  4. LIMITATION: reductionist - humans have emotions and therefore aren’t machines
24
Q

what does the biological approach believe in

A

that behaviours are innate

25
Q

what is the name given to identical twins

A

monozygotic

26
Q

how much DNA do identical twins share

A

100%

27
Q

what is the name given to non identical twins

A

dizygotic

28
Q

how much DNA do non identical twins share

A

50%

29
Q

what is a genotype

A

genetic makeup

30
Q

what is a phenotype

A

how the genotype is shown which can be influenced b y the environment

31
Q

evaluation of the biological approach

A
  1. STRENGTH: practical application - drug treatments = FMRIs

2. LIMITATION: idiographic research - each twin study Is different due to confounding variables

32
Q

what is synaptic transmission

A

when one neutron communicates with another, information is passed as an electrical impulse

33
Q

what is somatic

A

the calculation to see if a synaptic transmittion has more excitation or inhibition to decide the speed of the impulse

34
Q

what does the psychodynamic approach believe in

A

behaviour is learnt through childhood events such as trauma, and through unconscious thoughts

35
Q

what 3 parts did freud think our personality is split up into

A

Id (instincts), ego (balance), superego (morals)

36
Q

what are the psychosexual stages

A

oral (sucking sensation), anal (holding faeces), phallic (fixation on genitals), latency (suppressed sexual urges), genital (awakened sexual urges)

Psychology (12 decks)

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