approaches Flashcards
What is the order of the approaches
Wundt, psychodynamic, behavioural, humanistic, cognitive, Slt, biological
what was the name of the first psycologist
Willhelm Wundt
what was wundts experiment called
introspection
what was the introspection experiment
where wundt asked questions about a picture to reflect thoughts emotions and sensations
How did wundts experiment become psychological instead of philosophical
He conducted a lab experiment
What is the key assumption made in the behaviourist approach
That our behaviour comes as a result of our observations
What two studies can be used in the behaviourist approach and what are they examples of
Example of classical conditioning - Pavlov’s experiment
Example of operant conditioning - Skinner’s experiment
What are the three consequences of behaviour
Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment
Evaluation of the behaviourist approach
- STRENGTH: high internal validity (lab)
- LIMITATION: low ecological validity (lab)
- STRENGTH: practical application - led to the treatment of SD and flooding
- LIMITATION: extrapolation
What is the assumption made in the social learning theory approach
That all behaviour is learnt through experience and that we observe the behaviours of our role models
What are the four meditational processes
Attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation is
What is attention
The extent to which we notice certain behaviours
What is retention
How well the behaviour is remembered
What is motor reproduction
The ability of the observer to perform the behaviour
What is motivation
The will to perform the behaviour which is often determined by whether the behaviour was rewarded or punished
What is vicarious reinforcement
If the person you are watching is rewarded for their behaviour you will copy their behaviour, but if they are punished you will not copy their behaviour
Evaluation of the social learning theory
- STRENGTH: bobo doll experiment - those who watched adults behave aggressively towards the dolls were also aggressive
- STRENGTH: cultural differences - kung SAN tribe = no aggression British children = aggression
- LIMITATION: ignores biological factors - boys more aggressive than girls
- LIMITATION: low ecological validity (lab)
What is an assumption made by the cognitive approach
That behaviour comes as a result of how we think
What is interference
The way mental processes operate on the basis of observed behaviour
What are computer models
Our brain is the same as a computer - we focus on the internal mental processes (baddeley and coding)
What are the two theoretical models
Msm, wmm
What is a schema
A mental framework of information developed by experiences
Evaluation of the cognitive approach
- STRENGTH: high internal validity (lab)
- LIMITATION: low eco validity (lab)
- STRENGTH: practical application - CBT,REBT
- LIMITATION: reductionist - humans have emotions and therefore aren’t machines
what does the biological approach believe in
that behaviours are innate
