Psychopathology - Explaining depression

Question 1

What are the two cognitive approaches to expaining depression?

Answer 1

Beck’s negative triad and Ellis’s ABC model

Question 2

What did Beck believe what made someone more prone to depression?

Answer 2

A person’s cognitions

Question 3

What are the 3 parts to cognitive vulnerability?

Answer 3

Faulty information processing, negative self-schema, the negative triad

Question 4

What is faulty information processing?

Answer 4

When depressed people attend to the negative aspects of a situation and ignores the positives

Question 5

What is a self schema?

Answer 5

The package of information people have about themselves

Question 6

What 3 elements make up the negative triad?

Answer 6

Negative view of the world, future and self

Question 7

What does Ellis say that depression result from?

Answer 7

Irrational thoughts

Question 8

How does Ellis define irrational thoughts?

Answer 8

As any thoughts that interfere with us being happy and free from pain

Question 9

What does the A stand for in Ellis’s ABC model?

Answer 9

Activating event

Question 10

What does the B stand for in Ellis’s ABC model?

Answer 10

Beliefs

Question 11

What are the 3 types of belief in Ellis’s ABC model?

Answer 11

Musturbation, I-can’t-stand-it-itis, utopianism

Question 12

What is musturbation?

Answer 12

The belief that we must always succeed and achieve perfection

Question 13

What is I-can’t-stand-it-itis?

Answer 13

The belief that it is a major disaster when something does not go smoothly

Question 14

What is utopianism?

Answer 14

The belief that life is always meant to be fair

Question 15

What does the C stand for in Ellis’s ABC model?

Answer 15

Consequences

Question 16

What is one strength of Beck’s negative triad?

Answer 16

Research support

Question 17

3 E’s

What is the evaluation of Beck’s negative triad having research support?

Answer 17

P: Existance of supporting research
E: Clark and Beck (1999)- concluded that cognitive vulnerabilities preceded the depression
E: Conformed in a more recent prospective study by Cohen (2019)
E: Cohen (2019)- tracked down 473 adolescents and found that cognitive vulnerabilities predict later depression
L: Association between cognitive vulnerability and depression

Question 18

What is another strength of Beck’s negative triad?

Answer 18

Real world application

Question 19

What is the evaluation of Beck’s negative triad having real world application?

Answer 19

P: Applications in screening for depression
E: Cohen (2019)- concluded that by assessing cognitive vulnerability allows psychologists to screen young people
E: therapies work by altering the cognitions that make people vulnerable to depression
L: Is useful in more than one aspect of clinical practise

Question 20

What is one strength of Ellis’s ABC model?

Answer 20

Real world application

Question 21

What is the evaluation of Ellis’s ABC model having real world application?

Answer 21

P: RWA in the psychological treatment of depression
E: The idea of REBT is that by arguing with depressed people it can alter the irrational beliefs
E: David (2018)- Can change negative beliefs and relieve the symptoms
L: Real world value

Question 22

What is one limitation of Ellis’s ABC model?

Answer 22

Reactive and endogenous depression

Question 23

What is the evaluation of Ellis’s ABC model having reactive and endogenous depression?

Answer 23

P: Only explains reactive not endogenous depression
E: Many cases of depression are not traceable to life events
E: Less useful for explaining endogenous depression
L: Only a partial explanation