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Psychology A level > Approaches - The psychodynamic approach > Flashcards

Approaches - The psychodynamic approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main discoveries of the psychodynamic approach

A

Role of the unconscious, ID, Ego, superego, Psychosexual stages and defense mechanisms

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2
Q

What is the psychodynamic approach?

A

A perspective that describes the different forces, most of which are unconscious that operate on the mind and direct human behaviour and experience

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3
Q

What did Sigmund Freud suggest?

A

That the part of our mind that we know about and are aware of is merely the “tip of the iceberg”

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4
Q

What is most of our mind made up of?

A

The unconscious - a vast storehouse of biological drives and instincts that has a significant influence on our behaviour and personality

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5
Q

What does the unconscious also contain?

A

Threatening and disturbing memories that have been repressed

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6
Q

How can repressed memories be accessed?

A

Through dreams or parapraxes

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7
Q

What is the preconscious?

A

Contains thoughts and memories which are not currently in conscious awareness but we can access if desired

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8
Q

What is the structure of personality also known as?

A

Tripartite

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9
Q

What is the ID?

A

Entirely unconscious, it is made up of selfish aggressive instincts that demand immediate gratification

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10
Q

What is the Ego?

A

The reality check that balances the conflicting demands of the ID and Superego

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11
Q

What is the Superego?

A

The moralistic part of our personality which represents our ideal self

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12
Q

What principle is the ID?

A

Pleasure principle

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13
Q

What principle is the Ego?

A

Reality principle

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14
Q

What principle is the Superego?

A

Morality principle

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15
Q

What age is the oral stage?

A

0-1 years

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16
Q

What is the focus of pleasure in the oral stage?

A

The mouth, the mother’s breast can be the object of pleasure

17
Q

What is the consequence of the unresolved conflict in the oral stage?

A

Smoking and critical

18
Q

What age is the anal stage?

A

1-3 years

19
Q

What is the focus of pleasure in the anal stage?

A

The anus. Child gains pleasure for withholding and expelling faeces

20
Q

What is the consequence of the unresolved conflict in the anal stage?

A

Rententive: perfectionist and obsessive
Explusive: thoughtless and messy

21
Q

What age is the phallic stage?

A

3-6 years

22
Q

What is the focus of pleasure in the phallic stage?

A

The genitals

23
Q

What is the consequence of the unresolved conflict in the phallic stage?

A

Narcissistic and reckless

24
Q

What is latency?

A

Earlier conflicts are repressed

25
Q

What is the genital stage?

A

Where sexual desires become conscious alongside the onset of puberty

26
Q

What is the consequence of the unresolved conflict in the genital stage?

A

Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

27
Q

What is one strength of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Real world application

28
Q

What is the evaluation of the psychodynamic approach having real world application?

A

P: Introduced the idea of psychotherapy
E: First attempt to treat disorders psychologically rather than physically
E: Psychoanalysis is the forerunner for talking therapies
L: Shows the value in creating a new approach to treatment

29
Q

What is one limitation of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Untestable concepts

30
Q

What is the evaluation of the psychodynamic approach having untestable concepts?

A

P: Untestable
E: Does not meet the scientifc criterion of falsification
E: Not open to empirical testing
E: Ideas were based on the subjective study of single individuals, so hard to make universal claims
L: Pseudoscientific

31
Q

What is another strength of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Explanatory power

32
Q

What is the evaluation of the psychodynamic approach having explanatory powers?

A

P: Ability to explain human behaviour
E: Been used to explain a wide range of phenomena including personality development
E: Significant in drawing attention to the connection of experiences and childhood
L: Has had a positive impact of psychology and literature

Psychology A level (7 decks)

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