Psychology and Physiology

Question 1

: both variables move together in the same direction

Answer 1

Positive Correlation

Question 2

one variable increases while another decreases

Answer 2

Negative Correlation

Question 3

Correlational research says…

Answer 3

CORRELATION IS NOT CAUSATION!!!!

Question 4

Burn out survey name is…

Answer 4

the Maslach Burnout Study

Question 5

Experimental research

Answer 5

-Allows us to look at causal relationships
Manipulation of a variable
Independent variable: the causing variable that is manipulated by the experimenter
Dependent variable: the variable that is expected to be influenced by the experimental manipulation.

Question 6

Study on how humans respond to authority

Answer 6

Milgram Shock Study 1963- told them that the experiment was to improve memory

Question 7

What is social psychology?

Answer 7

Expanded in the 1950s to become a scientific discipline
Energized by researchers who wanted to understand behaviors seen in World War II
Obedience
Conformity
Began to study aggression in the late 1960’s and early 1970s
Started to study group behavior

The study of the dynamic relationship between individuals and people around them.

Believe that human behavior is determined by a person’s characteristics and the social situation

Question 8

Milgram Study Conclusion

Answer 8

Related to higher levels of obedience
Authoritarianism – tendency to prefer things to be simple rather than complex and to hold traditional values
Conscientiousness – tendency to be responsible, orderly and dependable
Agreeableness – tendency to be good natured, cooperative and trusting
Related to higher levels of resistance
Moral reasoning – the manner in which one makes ethical judgements
Social intelligence – ability to develop a clear perception of the situation using situational cues

Question 9

Objective was to learn if prison guard brutality was due to sadistic personalities or the guards or the prison environment

Answer 9

Stanford Prison Study 1971

Question 10

A behavior that is intended to harm another individual who does not wish to be harmed.

Answer 10

Aggression

Question 11

aggression that has extreme physical harm, such as injury or death as it’s goal.

Answer 11

Violence

Question 12

aggression that occurs with only a small amount of forethought or intent and that is determined primarily by impulsive emotions.

Answer 12

Emotional or Impulsive aggression

Question 13

aggression that is intentional and planned

Answer 13

Instrumental or cognitive aggression

Question 14

aggression that involves harming others physically

Answer 14

Physical aggression

Question 15

aggression that does not cause physical harm

Answer 15

Nonphysical aggression

Question 16

yelling, screaming, swearing, name calling

Answer 16

Verbal aggression

Question 17

intentionally harming another person’s social relationships.

Answer 17

Relational or social aggression

Question 18

aggression inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, or other electronic devices

Answer 18

Cyberbullying

Question 19

Causes of Aggression

Answer 19

Biological
Hormones
Alcohol
Negative Emotions

Question 20

Pre frontal cortex:
center for control of aggression
When more highly activated - able to control impulses and aggression
Cerebral Cortex less active in
Murderers
Death row inmates

Answer 20

Biological

Question 21

Testosterone
Associated with increased aggression in animals and humans
Also influential in women
correlational

Answer 21

Hormones

Question 22

Increases aggression
Involved in the majority of violent crimes
Disrupts executive function
Reduces the ability to inhibit aggression

Answer 22

Alcohol

Question 23

More likely to aggress when experiencing negative emotions

Answer 23

Negative Emotions

Question 24

-objective was to learn if prison guard brutality was due to sadistic personalities or the guards or the prison environment

Answer 24

Stanford Prison Study 1971

Question 25

Modeling/Observational Learning

Answer 25

Albert BANDURA, December 4, 1925

Question 26

Harlow and his Monkeys studied…

Answer 26

the Attachment Theory
John BOLBY studied further….

-studied effects of separation between parents and infants
-behaviors infants engage in to avoid separation from their parents and to reconnect are evolutionary mechanisms

Question 27

Attachment Theory Styles

Answer 27

Secure
Anxious-Resistant
Avoidant
Disorganized

Question 28

Adult Attachment Theory Styles

Answer 28

Secure
Dismissive-Avoidant
Anxious- Pre-occupied
Fearful-Avoidant

Question 29

Secure Attachment Style

Answer 29

Infants showed distress upon separation but sought comfort and were easily comforted when parents returned

Question 30

Anxious-Resistant Attachment Style

Answer 30

Smaller portion of infants experienced greater levels of distress and upon reuniting appeared to seek comfort and attempt to “punish” parents for leaving

Question 31

Avoidant Attachment Style

Answer 31

Infants showed no stress or minimal stress when the parents left and either ignored the parents upon reuniting or actively avoided the parents.

Question 32

Disorganized Attachment Style

Answer 32

Added later after further research

These children usually fail to develop an organized strategy for coping with separation distress and tend to display aggression, disruptive behaviors, and social isolation.
They are more likely to see others as threats than sources of support and may switch between social withdrawal and defensively aggressive behavior.

Question 33

These adults are more likely to be satisfied with their relationships, feeling secure and connected to their partners without feeling the need to be together all the time. Their relationships are more likely to feature honesty, support, independence and deep emotional connections.

Answer 33

Adult Secure Attachment Style

Question 34

People with this attachment style generally keep their distance from others. They may feel they do not need human connection to survive or thrive and insist on maintaining their independence and isolation from others. These individuals are often able to “shut down” emotionally when a potentially hurtful scenario arises, such as a serous argument with a partner or a threat to the continuance of their relationship.

Answer 34

Adult Dismissive-Avoidant Attachment Style

Question 35

Those who form less secure bonds with their partners may feel desperate for love and affection or feel that their partner must “complete” them or fix their problems. While they long for safety and security in their romantic relationships, they may also be acting in ways that push their partner away rather than invite them in. The behavioral manifestations of their fears can include being clingy, demanding, jealous, or easily upset by small issues.

Answer 35

Anxious- Pre-occupied Attachment Style

Question 36

Manifests as ambivalence instead of isolation. These individuals generally try to avoid their feelings because it is easy to get overwhelmed by them. They may suffer from unpredictable or abrupt mood swings and fear of getting hurt by their romantic partner. They are simultaneously drawn to a partner or potential partner and fearful of getting close. This style makes it hard to form and maintain meaningful, healthy relationships with others.

Answer 36

Fearful-Avoidant Attachment Style