Intro Foundations PP#1 08/15/23 Flashcards
Forensic Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD)
Scientific term for the use of the polygraph to diagnose deception.
The monitoring of physical responses caused by psychological threat or fear.
Types of PDD Technology
Polygraph
CVSA
Alternate PDD Tech
Brain Waves
Brain Scans
Thermal Imaging
Retinal Scans (Eye Detect)
Golden Rules of Polygraph
Forget for a while that you are an investigator.
You must think differently as a polygraph examiner.
Everybody lies to the police.
We even lie to each other!
For every lie there is a shred of truth
That’s what makes it seem to ring true!
It’s better to know than not to know.
You can never get too much information!
You are only as good as your last examination.
If you don’t ask the right questions, you won’t get the truthful answers.
Conduct every examination as if it were going to be evidence in court.
It just might!
Education, Education, Education!!
This is a science. It changes over time.
PDD INSTRUMENT
Not a Machine, Lie Detector or “Lie Box”
EXAMINER
Not an operator
PENS (analog instrument)
Not needles
FINGER ATTACHMENTS
Not electrodes
6 Limitations of Polygraph
It is an invaluable investigative aid, but it is not a substitute for a quality investigation.
It is NOT a lie detector.
It is a scientific, diagnostic instrument.
It is only as accurate as the examiner is competent.
It does NOT determine facts.
It records responses which the examinee believes to be true.
13 Moral Qualities of a Polygraph Examiner
Must be free of prejudice.
Must have a sincere desire to be a polygraphist.
Must maintain a level of high personal integrity.
Must devote themselves to the polygraph profession by increasing personal proficiency through constant study, continuing education and research.
Must constantly bear in mind their obligation to the examinee to afford them all possible safeguards against error.
Must never accept for a PDD examination any examinee whose physical or mental health or state would make them unsuitable for said examination.
Must always conduct the examination in a professional and ethical manner.
Must always remember that you are an impartial seeker of the truth.
Must never allow personal feelings or sympathies influence the results of the PDD examination.
-Must never let the opinions, prejudices, sympathies or pressures of superiors or anyone else influence the results of the PDD examination.
Must keep confidential any information divulged by the examinee which is not connected to the investigation or which the examiner is not legally required to report.
Must adhere to the AAPP, APA and ASTM Codes of Ethics and Standards and Principles of Practice.
Must never test someone who has not volunteered.
4 Technical Qualities of Polygraph Examiners
Must have a complete knowledge of the PDD instrument, it’s capabilities and limitations.
Must have a complete knowledge of the most modern polygraph techniques.
Must be proficient in test construction, question construction, test data analysis and conducting the PDD examination.
Must have the ability to “get along” with others.
5 Phases of a Polygraph Examination
Interview with investigator
Pre-Test Phase
In-Test Phase
Post-Test Phase
Report Issued
Types of PDD Examinations
Specific Issue Criminal Examination
Pre-Employment Screening Examination
Special Examinations
-Promotion
- UC - Periodic
-Convicted Sex Offender Treatment
-Loyalty
-Intelligence/Security
Computerized Polygraph Manufacturers
Axciton
Lafayette
Limestone Technologies
Stoelting
Analog Instrument Manufacturers
Associated Research
Stoelting
Lafayette
Computerized Scoring Algorhythms
Polyscore (questionable)
Objective Scoring System 2/3 (OSS)*
U.S. Secret Service (CPS)*
White Star (not validated)
