Foundational Terminology PP#3 08/16/23 Flashcards
Salience
The meaningfulness of the questions toward the examinee.
Do they mean anything to them or are they just ignoring them?
Cognitive Dissonance
Inconsistent thoughts, beliefs or attitudes as related to behavioral decisions.
In other words, someone who does not want to do something but they have to.
“I need to take a polygraph to prove my innocence even thought I am guilty.”
Psychological Set
Most threatening and/or meaningful questions to the examinee.
Also known as a Target
Response Onset Window
ROW – The time from stimulus onset (start of question) through the examinee’s answer to a given time period after said answer.
The reaction must begin within the ROW or it can not be considered for analysis.
The analysis of the reaction may continue outside the ROW if the reaction starts within the ROW.
Anti-Climax Dampening Concept
The theory that the liars will focus on the relevant questions causing less of a response or no response to the comparison questions.
The innocent will focus on the comparison questions causing less or a response or no response to the relevant questions.
Super Outside Dampening Concept
Subject is responding to an outside issue which may cause reactions to the relevant questions or lesson reactions to other questions.
Symptomatic Questions are used to identify this in some techniques.
Necessary Ingredients for Psychological Set, Target or Salience
Fear of Detection
Fear of Exposure
Fear of Consequence or Punishment
Orienting Response (OR)
Heightened sensitivity to a specific stimuli characterized by increased information processing, narrowed attentional concentration and physiological excitation.
This is why we never start an exam with a relevant question.
Ground Truth
Ground Truth – A polygraph examination of a subject which has been evaluated as being deceptive has been confirmed with a confession, DNA, or some other indisputable evidence implicating that subject.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis – Refers to a “tonic” or stable tracing.
In science, the term is used to describe the maintenance of the internal viability of organisms.
False Results
False Negative – The decision is given that a deceptive examinee is being truthful. (NDI)
False Positive – The decision is given that a truthful examinee is being deceptive (DI).
Cardiograph
Used to record pulse rate
average pulse rate for adults is 60-100 bpm
Sphygmomanometer
Used to record relative blood pressure
Galvanograph
Records changes in Galvanic Skin Response or, in modern terminology, Electrodermal Response (EDR).
Wheatstone Bridge
GSR – Resistance to electricity
GSC – Conductance of electricity
GSP – Potential (Body)