Foundational Terminology PP#3 08/16/23 Flashcards

1
Q

Salience

A

The meaningfulness of the questions toward the examinee.

Do they mean anything to them or are they just ignoring them?

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2
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Inconsistent thoughts, beliefs or attitudes as related to behavioral decisions.
In other words, someone who does not want to do something but they have to.
“I need to take a polygraph to prove my innocence even thought I am guilty.”

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3
Q

Psychological Set

A

Most threatening and/or meaningful questions to the examinee.

Also known as a Target

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4
Q

Response Onset Window

A

ROW – The time from stimulus onset (start of question) through the examinee’s answer to a given time period after said answer.
The reaction must begin within the ROW or it can not be considered for analysis.
The analysis of the reaction may continue outside the ROW if the reaction starts within the ROW.

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5
Q

Anti-Climax Dampening Concept

A

The theory that the liars will focus on the relevant questions causing less of a response or no response to the comparison questions.
The innocent will focus on the comparison questions causing less or a response or no response to the relevant questions.

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6
Q

Super Outside Dampening Concept

A

Subject is responding to an outside issue which may cause reactions to the relevant questions or lesson reactions to other questions.

Symptomatic Questions are used to identify this in some techniques.

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7
Q

Necessary Ingredients for Psychological Set, Target or Salience

A

Fear of Detection

Fear of Exposure

Fear of Consequence or Punishment

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8
Q

Orienting Response (OR)

A

Heightened sensitivity to a specific stimuli characterized by increased information processing, narrowed attentional concentration and physiological excitation.

This is why we never start an exam with a relevant question.

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9
Q

Ground Truth

A

Ground Truth – A polygraph examination of a subject which has been evaluated as being deceptive has been confirmed with a confession, DNA, or some other indisputable evidence implicating that subject.

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10
Q

Homeostasis

A

Homeostasis – Refers to a “tonic” or stable tracing.

In science, the term is used to describe the maintenance of the internal viability of organisms.

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11
Q

False Results

A

False Negative – The decision is given that a deceptive examinee is being truthful. (NDI)

False Positive – The decision is given that a truthful examinee is being deceptive (DI).

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12
Q

Cardiograph

A

Used to record pulse rate
average pulse rate for adults is 60-100 bpm

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13
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Used to record relative blood pressure

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14
Q

Galvanograph

A

Records changes in Galvanic Skin Response or, in modern terminology, Electrodermal Response (EDR).

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15
Q

Wheatstone Bridge

A

GSR – Resistance to electricity
GSC – Conductance of electricity
GSP – Potential (Body)

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16
Q

Electrodermal Activity (EDA)

A

The exosomatic and endosomatic changes in the electrical properties of the skin.

EDA will drop when a person is threatened.

Considered to be the most accurate of the three primary channels.

17
Q

Pneumograph

A

Device used to record respiration.
Average breath cycle rate for adults is 13-18 bpm

Two rubber tube devices:
Thoracic – Upper
Abdominal – Lower

18
Q

Kymograph

A

Device which pulled paper under the pens on an analog instrument.

Not used in computerized polygraph instruments.

19
Q

Plethysmograph

A

Measured blood volume in capillaries.

Used on fingers of examinee.

Very accurate when used with cardiosphygmograph.

Not a primary channel.

20
Q

Countermeasure Detection

A

Movement Sensor

Motion Sensor

Activity Monitors

21
Q

Primary Relevant Question

A

The question addressing the main issue at hand in the examination.

Answered with No (preferred) or Yes

“Did you shoot that man?”

22
Q

Secondary Relevant Question

A

The question(s) addressing additional facets of the topic for the primary relevant question.

Guilty Knowledge
Evidence Connecting
Help, Plan, Participate

23
Q

Comparison Question

A

Questions utilized for test data analysis which are compared against the relevant questions.
Questions the examinee will lie to or have doubts about their honesty on the topic of the question.
Probable Lie Comparison Question
Directed Lie Comparison Question

24
Q

Sacrifice Relevant Question

A

Broad relevant question which is not evaluated during TDA used to introduce the topic of the examination to the examinee.
Used to “bleed off” some general nervous tension which can help the truthful examinee.
Introduced very early in the test question sequence.

25
Q

Irrelevant Question

A

Questions used to achieve homeostasis or a “tonic” level for the examinee’s tracings.

Little to no emotion in the topic
“Are you now sitting down?”

Not evaluated during TDA

26
Q

Symptomatic Question

A

Questions which are used to possibly identify an examinee’s unrelated concern or outside issue which could possibly affect the reactions to the relevant and/or comparison questions.

Not evaluated during TDA

27
Q

Single Issue Testing

A

same issue- all primary questions asked differently

28
Q

Multi Facet Testing

A

Primary and secondary relevant questions

29
Q

Multi Issue Testing

A

Many questions to ask-
-PCSOT
-Pre-Employment