Psychiatry Medication - Omar Flashcards by Priyanka Bhandari

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

What can anti depressants be used for?

Depression

Anxiety

Pain

Insomnia

Not FDA approved but sometimes ADHD

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ANTIDEPRESSANTS

What is most common type of antidepressant

SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors)

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ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Give 5 examples of SSRI

Sertraline

Fluoxetine

Citalopram

paroxetine

Escitalopram

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ANTIDEPRESSANTS

What are other types of antidepressants?

SNRI (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)

Tri-cyclic antidepressants (TCA) (older)

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ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Give 2 examples of SNRI

Venlafaxine

Duloxetine

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ANTIDEPRESSANTS

What is a special type of antidepressant

Bupropion

Third type of AD works differently from SSRI & SNRI

Helpful in treating seasonal affective disrorder and help stop smoking

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ANTIDEPRESSANTS

What are common Antidepressant side effects

Nausea and vomiting

Weight gain

Diarrhea

Sleepiness

Sexual problems

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ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION

What is anti anxiety medication used for?

Anti-anxiety medications help reduce the symptoms of anxiety, such as panic attacks, or extreme fear and worry

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ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION

What is the most common type of anti anxiety medication?

Benzodiazepines

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ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION

What are benzodiazepines used for

Generalised anxiety disorder

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ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION

When would benzodiazepines be second line treatment?

In the case of panic disorder or social phobia (social anxiety disorder):

1st line - Anti-depressant

2nd line - Benzodiazepines

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ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION

What are 3 common benzodiazepines?

Clonazepam

Alprazolam

Lorazepam

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ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION

What can be used to treat short term symptoms of anxiety

Short half-life (or short-acting) benzodiazepines (such as Lorazepam) and beta-blockers are used to treat the short-term symptoms of anxiety

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ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION

What can be taken for long term treatment of chronic anxiety

(unrelated to benzodiapenes)

Busiprone

Needs to be taken for a few weeks before reaching full effect

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ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION

Possible side effects of anti-anxiety medication

Nausea

Blurred vision

Headache

Confusion

Tiredness

Nightmares

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ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION

Possible side effects of busiprone

Dizziness

Headaches

Nausea

Nervousness

Lightheadedness

Excitement

Trouble sleeping

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STIMULANTS

What do stimulants do

Stimulants increase:

alertness

attention

energy,

blood pressure

heart rate

respiration

STIMULANTS

What are they commonly prescribed for?

ADHD in children, adolescents or adults

STIMULANTS

4 Common Stimulants

Methylphenidate

Amphetamine

Dextroamphetamine

Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate

STIMULANTS

What else can stimulants be used to treat?

Narcolepsy

Occassionally depression

Other ADHD treatments?

2 non-stimulant antihypertensive medications: Clonidine & guanfacine

Often in children prescribed before stimulant, then if not working - stimulant

STIMULANTS

Possible side effects?

Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep

Loss of appetite

Stomach pain

Headache

ANTIPSYCHOTICS

What are antipsychotics used for?

Primarily to manage psychosis

ANTIPSYCHOTICS

What is Psychosis

Pschosis describes conditions that affect the mind, and in which there has been some loss of contact with reality.

This can be:

delusions (false, fixed beliefs)

hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not really there)

ANTPSYCHOTICS What can cause Psychosis

Can be a symptom of a physical condition such as drug abuse or a mental disorder such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or very severe depression (also known as “psychotic depression”).

ANTPSYCHOTICS How are antipsychotics used in treatment

In combination with other drugs to help treat: * Delirium * Dementia * Other mental health disorders: * ADHD * Severe depression * Eating disorders * PTSD * OCD * Generalised anxitety disorder

ANTPSYCHOTICS 4 Examples of older anti-psychotics

Chlorpromazine Haloperidol Perphenazine Fluphenazine

ANTPSYCHOTICS Examples of new antipsychotics

Risperidone Olanzapine Quetiapine Ziprasidone Aripiprazole Paliperidone Lurasidone

ANTPSYCHOTICS Side effects

Drowsiness Dizziness Restlessness Weight gain (the risk is higher with some atypical antipsychotic medicines) Dry mouth Constipation Nausea Vomiting Blurred vision Low blood pressure Uncontrollable movements, such as tics and tremors (the risk is higher with typical antipsychotic medicines) Seizures A low number of white blood cells, which fight infections

ANTIPSYCHOTICS What is Tardive Dyskinesia

TD causes muscle movements, commonly around the mouth, that a person can't control Due to prolonged use of old (typical) antipsychotics

MOOD STABILISERS What are mood stabilisers used for?

primarily to treat bipolar disorder mood swings associated with other mental disorders to augment the effect of other medications used to treat depression

MOOD STABILISERS What is the most comon mood stabiliser?

Lithium Approved for mania nad maintenance treatment of BD Anti-suicide benefits also

MOOD STABILISERS How do mood stabilsers work?

Decrease abnormal activity in the brain

MOOD STABILISERS What can Mood stabilisers treat

Depression (usually along with an antidepressant) Schizoaffective Disorder Disorders of impulse control Certain mental illnesses in children

MOOD STABILISERS What are other types of mood stabilisers?

Anticonvulsants Initially used for seizures but have mood stabilising effect also

MOOD STABILISERS Common anti-convulsant used for mood stabilisation

Valporic acid

MOOD STABILISERS Other anti-convulsants

Carbamazepine Lamotrigine Oxcarbazepine

MOOD STABILISERS Possible side effects

Itching, rash Excessive thirst Frequent urination Tremor (shakiness) of the hands Nausea and vomiting Slurred speech Fast, slow, irregular, or pounding heartbeat Blackouts Changes in vision Seizures Hallucinations (seeing things or hearing voices that do not exist) Loss of coordination Swelling of the eyes, face, lips, tongue, throat, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs.

MOOD STABILISERS What needs to be monitored with patient of lithium

Kidney Function Thyroid Function

PREGNANCY Medications

AVOID: * Mood Stabilisers * Benzodiazepine * Antipsychotics OKAY: * Antidepressants (SSRI best)