Paediatrics Renal and Urology - Liam

Question 1

UTI

• treatment

Answer 1

• <3
  
  • IV antibiotics (ceftriaxone) and full septic screen
• >3
  
  • Oral antibiotics (trimethoprim/nitrofurantoin/cefalexin/amoxicillin)

Question 2

Vesico-ureteric reflex:

• pathology

Answer 2

Urine flows from bladder back into ureters

Question 3

Vesico-ureteric reflux

• diagnosis

Answer 3

Micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG)

Question 4

Nephrotic syndrome

• pathology

Answer 4

Basement membrane permeable to protein (proteinuria)

Question 5

Nephrotic syndrome

• classic triad

Answer 5

Low serum albumin

High urine protein

Oedema

Question 6

Nephrotis syndrome

• causes

Answer 6

Minimal change disease

Question 7

Minimal change disease

• pharmacological treatment

Answer 7

Corticosteroids (predinisolone)

Question 8

Nephritic syndrome

• pathology

Answer 8

Inflammation within nephrons causing HAEMATURIA

Question 9

Nephritic syndrome

• causes

Answer 9

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

IgA nephropathy (Burgers disease)

Question 10

What organism preceds post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Answer 10

B-haemolytic strep (strep pyogenes in tonsillitis)

Question 11

Post-strep glomerulonephritis

• treatment

Answer 11

Supportive

Antihypertensive medication and diuretics

Question 12

IgA nephropathy

• pathology

Answer 12

Releated to Henoch-Schonlein Purpura which is IgA vasculitis

Question 13

IgA nephropathy

• age

Answer 13

Teenangers and young adults

Question 14

IgA nephropathy

• treatment

Answer 14

Supportive treat and immunosuppresants (steroids)

Question 15

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

• pathology

Answer 15

Thrombosis within small vessels throughout body

Question 16

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

• classic triad

Answer 16

Haemolytic anaemia

Acute kidney injury

Thrombocytopenia

Question 17

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

• organism that preceeds

Answer 17

E-coli

Question 18

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

• treatment

Answer 18

Medical emergency

Supportive management

Maybe renal dialysis

Question 19

Polycystic kidney disease

• cause

Answer 19

• genetic
• 2 types - autosommal dominant and autosommal ressesive

Question 20

Polycystic kidney disease

• features

Answer 20

Cystic enlargement of renal collecting ducts

Oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia and Potter syndrome

Congenital liver fibrosis

Question 21

Hydrospadias

• pathology

Answer 21

Urethral meatus displaces, normal further towards bottom of glans