Psych/Soc Flashcards
Conflict theory is what and created by who?
Conflict theory states that power differentials create balance and that power differentials can lead to dominance Karl Marxx
Symbolic interactionism is what?
Studies that symbols/body language that we use to communicate. Different in different cultues
Social constructionism examples?
The value of money Work ethic Acceptable dress Gender roles
Education, Family, Religion, Government, Economy, Medicine are all examples of what?
Social institutions
What does beneficence mean?
Physician has responsibility to act in patients best interest
What does nonmaleficence mean?
do no harm
Race is determined by ______ factors and ethinicity is determined by ______ factors
phenotypic cultural
What is the Kinsey scale?
Scale form 0-6 0 is straight 6 is homosexual
Fertility rate is what?
children per woman per lifetime
Birth rate = ?
Children per 1000 people
Mortality rate = ?
deaths per 1000 people per year
Migration rate = ?
Immigration - emigration rate
What does anomie mean?
lack of social norms
What is the strain theory?
anomic conditions (lacking social norms) leads to deviance EX: excessive individualism, social inequality, isolation
What is an example of a way one could gain social capital?
Social media/networks
What is plutocracy?
a rule by the upper classes
What is social mobility?
The climb or falling of ones social status
What is social reproduction?
Passing on status from one to the next, like poverty
What is social exclusion?
When poor individuals feel alienated from society can cause further issues
Incidence is define as?
new cases of illness / population at risk / time
Prevalence is defined as?
total cases of illness / total population / time
What is second sickness?
exasberating of health outcomes due to social injustice
Women mortality and morbidity rates, compared to men?
Lower Higher
What does functionalism mean? What is a function? A dysfunction? Manifest function? Latenet function?
Functionalism looks at structure and function of society A function is something or someone beneficial to society A dysfunction is opposite that Manifest function is an action intended to help Latent function is an unintended action that helps society
JND Who created it?
Webers law Difference in threshhold / base-starting-initial value 440 Hz to 443 Hz 3 Hz / 440 Hz
Anything coming from the right visual field in both eyes, is processed by the _____ side of the brain?
left
Shape is determined by what cells?
Parvocellular cells
Motion is determined by what cells?
magnocellular
Which neuropsychologist taught phrenology, and what is it??
Fran’s Gall Phrenology, if certain trait was well developed, it would make a bump.
What did Pierre Flourens methods consist of?
Extirpation, removal of areas of the brain to see consequences
William James and John Dewey were focused on what neuropsychological concept? And what is that?
Functionalism- which is adapting by mental processes
Paul Broca linked what area to the brain?
Broca’s area
Sir Charles Sherrington taught about what in neuropsychology?
Synapses
Herman Von helmholtz measure what?
The speed of a nerve impulse.
What are the components of the hindbrain?
Pons Medulla oblongata Cerebellum
What does the Pons in the hindbrain do?
Relay info Regulate sleep “Sleep Pon the bed”
What does the medulla oblongata in the hindbrain do?
Regulates breathing “Gotta breath!” Heartbeat Blood pressure
What does the cerebellum do?
Posture Balance “Bella balances”
The midbrain consists of what?
Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus
What does the superior colliculus do?
Receives visual sensory input “Superman has Superior vision”
Inferior colliculus does what?
Receives auditory info
Thalamus is the what? Does it for all but what?
Relay center Smell
Hypothalamus 4 F’s
Feeding Fighting Flighting Sexual Functioning
Lateral hypothalamus
Triggers eating or drinking. If it was damaged one would LH Lack Hunger
The VentroMedial Hypothalamus does what?
Satiety center If destroyed one would be Very Much Hungry
The Anterior hypothalamus does what?
Controls sexual behavior If it were to be destroyed one would be Asexual
Diencephalon parts?
Hypothalamus Thalamus Posterior pituitary Pineal gland
What hormones does the posterior pituitary release? What does it differentiate from?
ADH Oxytocin Diencephalon
Telencephalon consists of what?
Basal ganglia Limbic system Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia coordinates what? What disease is associated with this?
Muscle movement Parkinson’s
Limbic system consists of what?
Septal nuclei Amygdala Hippocampus
Amygdala’s role?
Defensive/aggressive behavior
Frontal lobe is the ________ function
Executive
Parietal lobe helps us with _______ _________
Spatial processing
Where is the motor cortex?
Frontal lobe
Where is the somatosensory cortex?
The Parietal lobe
What does the corpus callosum do?
Connects the hemispheres
which variable, the independent or the dependent variable is manipulated by the scientist?
The independent
Which variable between the independent and the dependent variable is being measured???
The dependent
A casual relationship in research happens when?
The independent variable is needed and causes change on the dependent variable.
One word Accuracy = _______ Precision = _______
True consistent
What is a cohort study?
Divided into two groups based on risk factors then observed Smoking versus non smoking observed over twenty years
Cross-sectional studies do what?
group patients at single POINTS IN TIME Ex: determining the prevalence of lung cancer in smokers vs. nonsmokers at given POINT OF TIME
What is case-controlled studies?
Identify subjects with outcomes and look BACKWARDS at risk factors Pts w/ and w/o lung cancer, look at history of smoking HISTORY
What does hills criteria tell us?
If a relationship is casual or not (independent effects dependent)
What is selection bias?
When subjects used for the study are not representative of the target population
What is detection bias?
Using prior knowledge in a biased way, looking harder for something you think might be there
What is the hawthorne effect also called? What is it?
Observation bias Behavior of subjects changes, because they know they are being studied
Confounding error source means what?
Data analysis error
What is generalizability in studies?
High generalizability will highly reflect the target population
What is the mode?
The number that appears the most
In a negatively skewed distribution the mean will be _____ than the median
lower
In a positively skewed distribution the mean will be _____ than the median?
higher
Probability, if you see the word AND then….? If you see the word OR then…..? One OF two then….?
Multiply Add Add - probability of both happening together
If the p value is greater than α …. ?
Dont reject null hypothesis No difference Results are not statistically different
If the p value is less than α then…. ?
Reject null hypothesis Significant difference in two studied groups Alternative hypothesis is true
A type I error is?
when you say test results were significant and it wasn’t. No difference You reject the null hypothesis but shouldn’t have.
A type II error is?
When we report no difference when there is actually significant difference. We should have rejected Null hypothesis but we didn’t
Semicircular canalas deal with what kind of rotation?
Circular
What part of the inner ear is sensitive to linear acceleration?
Vestibule
Sound goes through which media?
Perilymph
What organ has all the hair cells on it?
Organ of corti
What is the excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?
Glutamate
