Bio/Biochem 3 Flashcards
What does aldosterone do to blood pressure?
Increase blood pressure
How does aldosterone raise blood pressure?
^ Na+/H2O reabsorption
What is reabsorption?
being reabsorbed into the blood. Is not excreted.
When aldosterone is released where is na+ reabsorbed?
distal tubule
What does ADH do to blood pressure?
increase bp
How does ADH increase blood pressure?
allows more water to be reabsorbed
What does ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) hormone do?
Decreases blood pressure
If you have high blood osmolality what hormone is released?
ADH
What are the starling forces?
Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure
What pressure draws blood into the veins/arteries?
osmotic pressures
What pressure pulls blood out of the arteries/veins?
hydrostatic pressure
where does reabsorption occur?
vasa recta in the kidney
What are the two layers of the kidney?
cortex (superficial) medulla (deep)
What is a oncotic pressure?
osmotic pressure
What kind of hormones are ADH and aldosterone?
ADH is peptide hormone Aldosterone is steroid hormone
Where does most Na reasbsorption occur?
in the proximal convoluted tubule
What are thick filaments in sarcomeres?
myosin
What are the thin filaments in sarcomeres?
actin, troponin, tropomyosin
What is the M line in a sarcomere?
The middle line of a sarcomere
What is the Z line in a sarcomere?
Z is at the end,
Z is the ends of the sarcomere
What is the H band in a sarcomere?
The thick (myosin) band
H is a thick letter
What is the I band in a sarcomere?
Only the thin element (actin)
Because the letter I is thin
What is the A band on the sarcomere?
ALL of the thick band, including the portion of the thin band.
What is the sarcolemma??
The cell membrane layer of a myocyte
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
The ca++ storage unit
What are the transverse tubules of a myocyte?
Carry action potentials from the sarcolemma to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
what is the difference between a simple twitch and summation?
simple twitch is single cell, summation is repeated stimulus
What is tetanus in muscle contraction?
constant smooth muscle contraction
What does ATP do to myosin during contraction?
It release myosin from actin.
What does erythropoietin do?
Increases the amount of RBC’s
Where does normal gut “flora” reside?
The cecum
How would you perform a test cross (two ways) to determine if a genotype was AA or Aa?
- mate with aa (homo recessive)
- mate with Aa (hetero)
What is a constitutional isomer?
This with the same makeup but bonds in different spots
What is a diastereomer?
2 compounds with atleast 1 chiral center the same, and 1 chiral center different
What is an anomer?
A sugar that chiral centers at the anomeric spot is different
