Bio/Biochem 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

p53 checks what?

A

checkpoint at both G1/S and G2/M

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2
Q

What happens during Prophase?

A

chromosomes condense Spindle forms

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3
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align

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4
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

sister chromatids separate

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5
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

New nuclear membrane forms

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6
Q

When does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase I

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7
Q

What is separated in meiosis I?

A

Homologous chromosomes

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8
Q

What is separated during meiosis II?

A

Sister chromatids

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9
Q

What are the two parts of the testes?

A

seminiferous tubules interstitial cells (of leydig)

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10
Q

Where is sperm produced?

A

seminiferous tubules

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11
Q

Pathway of sperm?

A

SEVE(N) UP Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas Deferens Ejaculatory duct Urethra Penis

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12
Q

Where is sperm stored and where do the flagella get motility?

A

Epididymis

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13
Q

What cells secrete testosterone?

A

Cells of leydig or interstitial cells

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14
Q

What is the acrosome?

A

The “helmit” of the sperm that allows entrance into the ovum

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15
Q

Where is estrogen and progesterone produced?

A

Ovaries

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16
Q

What check is made at the G1/S checkpoint?

A

DNA viability check

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17
Q

Which way does a synapse run?

A

dendrite to soma to axon

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18
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

line ventricles of brain, produce cerbrospinal fluid

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19
Q

K+ is high in the outside or inside of neuron?

A

inside

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20
Q

What ion is high outside of a neuron?

A

na+

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21
Q

What does the Na+/K+ ATPase do?

A

pumps 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in

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22
Q

Is the outside or inside of a cell more negative?

A

inside

23
Q

What is the resting membrane potential?

A

-70mV

24
Q

What is the threshold for a neuron?

A

-55 to -40mV

25
Q

An action potential happens by what influx?

A

a Na+ influx

26
Q

A neuron is hyperpolarized by what happening?

A

K+ efflux

27
Q

What is an effector in neuron signals?

A

a neron that signals to a gland or msucle.

28
Q

When the action potential reaches the nerve terminal what happens?

A

voltage gated calcium channels open

29
Q

What is an example of a monosynaptic relfex arc?

A

knee-jerk reflex

30
Q

What is an example of a polysynaptic reflex arc?

A

withdrawal reflex

31
Q

Which type of nerve is on the dorsal side of the spinal cord?

A

sensory

32
Q

motor neurons are on which side of the spinal cord?

A

ventral

33
Q

In the spinal cord is the white matter superficial or deep?

A

superficial

34
Q

Where is the mitral valve?

A

Inbetween the left atrium and ventricle

35
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve?

A

Between the right atrium and ventricle

36
Q

Where is the cathode and anode in isoelectric focusing?

A

Anode = low pH

Cathode = High pH

37
Q

What is a bottleneck effect?

A

When a human or environmental change drops the gene pool population. Like hunting, or storm

38
Q

Where is erythropoietin released from?

A

Kidneys

39
Q

What does the posterior pituitary release?

A

ADH and oxytocin

40
Q

What does the hypothalmus produce?

A

ADH

Oxytocin

41
Q

What does the anterior pituitary gland produce?

A

FLAT-PEG

Tropic-direct

FSH

LH

ACTH

TSH

Prolactins

Endorphins

Growth Hormones

42
Q

What hormones does the adrenal gland produce?

A

Cortex (outer to inner) = Aldosterone > Cortisol > estrogen/testosterone

Medulla = epinephrine and norepinephrine

43
Q

What does the luteinizing hormone do?

A

stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone formation in males

44
Q

What does cortisol do?

A

Increases glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis

45
Q

What are microfilaments used for?

A

Muscle movement

Pseudopodia

Support cellular membrane

46
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

The force pressure created by blood on vessel walls, pushes blood into interstitial fluid

47
Q

What is Plancks constant?

A

6.626 X 10-34 J*s

48
Q

What are the two equations needed for knowing the electromagnetic energy released from photon?

A

E = hf

E = h*c / λ

49
Q

A charge is moving in a magnetic field, what equation tells you what force is placed on it?

A

F = qvB

q = charge

v = velocity

B = Magnetic field magnitude

50
Q

There are two magnetic right hand rules, the first is grabbing the wire, the second deals with magnetic force, what is it?

A

The force away from the palm is for a positive charge…. give a positive person high five

The force away from the backhand is negative…. give a negative person the backhand

51
Q

Diamagnetic materials will have ______ electrons and will ______ magnets

Paramagnetic/Ferromagnetic materials will have _______ electrons and will ________ magnets

A

paired/repel

unparied/attract

52
Q

What is the difference between specific heat and heat capacity?

A

Heat capacity = mass*specific heat

c = cal / g*K

53
Q

What does the pauli exclusion principle state?

A

No two electrons can have the same quantum numbers

54
Q
A