Bio/Biochem 2 Flashcards
p53 checks what?
checkpoint at both G1/S and G2/M
What happens during Prophase?
chromosomes condense Spindle forms
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes align
What happens during anaphase?
sister chromatids separate
What happens during telophase?
New nuclear membrane forms
When does crossing over occur?
Prophase I
What is separated in meiosis I?
Homologous chromosomes
What is separated during meiosis II?
Sister chromatids
What are the two parts of the testes?
seminiferous tubules interstitial cells (of leydig)
Where is sperm produced?
seminiferous tubules
Pathway of sperm?
SEVE(N) UP Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas Deferens Ejaculatory duct Urethra Penis
Where is sperm stored and where do the flagella get motility?
Epididymis
What cells secrete testosterone?
Cells of leydig or interstitial cells
What is the acrosome?
The “helmit” of the sperm that allows entrance into the ovum
Where is estrogen and progesterone produced?
Ovaries
What check is made at the G1/S checkpoint?
DNA viability check
Which way does a synapse run?
dendrite to soma to axon
What are ependymal cells?
line ventricles of brain, produce cerbrospinal fluid
K+ is high in the outside or inside of neuron?
inside
What ion is high outside of a neuron?
na+
What does the Na+/K+ ATPase do?
pumps 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in
Is the outside or inside of a cell more negative?
inside
What is the resting membrane potential?
-70mV
What is the threshold for a neuron?
-55 to -40mV
An action potential happens by what influx?
a Na+ influx
A neuron is hyperpolarized by what happening?
K+ efflux
What is an effector in neuron signals?
a neron that signals to a gland or msucle.
When the action potential reaches the nerve terminal what happens?
voltage gated calcium channels open
What is an example of a monosynaptic relfex arc?
knee-jerk reflex
What is an example of a polysynaptic reflex arc?
withdrawal reflex
Which type of nerve is on the dorsal side of the spinal cord?
sensory
motor neurons are on which side of the spinal cord?
ventral
In the spinal cord is the white matter superficial or deep?
superficial
Where is the mitral valve?
Inbetween the left atrium and ventricle
Where is the tricuspid valve?
Between the right atrium and ventricle
Where is the cathode and anode in isoelectric focusing?
Anode = low pH
Cathode = High pH
What is a bottleneck effect?
When a human or environmental change drops the gene pool population. Like hunting, or storm
Where is erythropoietin released from?
Kidneys
What does the posterior pituitary release?
ADH and oxytocin
What does the hypothalmus produce?
ADH
Oxytocin
What does the anterior pituitary gland produce?
FLAT-PEG
Tropic-direct
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactins
Endorphins
Growth Hormones
What hormones does the adrenal gland produce?
Cortex (outer to inner) = Aldosterone > Cortisol > estrogen/testosterone
Medulla = epinephrine and norepinephrine
What does the luteinizing hormone do?
stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone formation in males
What does cortisol do?
Increases glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis
What are microfilaments used for?
Muscle movement
Pseudopodia
Support cellular membrane
What is hydrostatic pressure?
The force pressure created by blood on vessel walls, pushes blood into interstitial fluid
What is Plancks constant?
6.626 X 10-34 J*s
What are the two equations needed for knowing the electromagnetic energy released from photon?
E = hf
E = h*c / λ
A charge is moving in a magnetic field, what equation tells you what force is placed on it?
F = qvB
q = charge
v = velocity
B = Magnetic field magnitude
There are two magnetic right hand rules, the first is grabbing the wire, the second deals with magnetic force, what is it?
The force away from the palm is for a positive charge…. give a positive person high five
The force away from the backhand is negative…. give a negative person the backhand
Diamagnetic materials will have ______ electrons and will ______ magnets
Paramagnetic/Ferromagnetic materials will have _______ electrons and will ________ magnets
paired/repel
unparied/attract
What is the difference between specific heat and heat capacity?
Heat capacity = mass*specific heat
c = cal / g*K
What does the pauli exclusion principle state?
No two electrons can have the same quantum numbers
