Bio/Biochem 3 Flashcards
What is mendels first law?
law of segregation
alleles for same gene segregate during meiosis (anaphase I)
What is mendels second law
independent assortment
alleles sort independently, gametes get maternal or paternal copy of each chromosome
What is penetrance?
the proportion of individuals in a population with a genotype who actually express phenotype.
What is expressivity (genetics)?
Varying degree to which an allele manifests as a phenotype
Codominance means what (genetics)?
when two dominant alleles are expressed simultaneously
ex: blood types
Incomplete dominance is what?
when heterozygotes express an intermediate phenotype
Crossing red flower x white flower = pink flower (blend)
What are examples of mutagens?
ionizing radiation
chemical mutagens
transposons
What is a point mutation?
one nucleotide swapped for another
What is a missense mutation?
Are point mutations that cause a new amino acid to be made
May or may not effect protein function
What is a nonsense mutation?
Nonsense mutations create a new stop codon (truncate protein)
What are the three kinds of point mutations?
silent
missense (changes aa)
nonsense (makes stop)
What are deleterious mutations?
Bad mutations
Which of atrial / ventricles have thicker walls?
ventricles
Which side of the heart is thicker with more muscle?
Left
because it pumps to whole body
What is the valve that permits blood passage from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
tricuspid
What is the valve that allows blood passage from the left atrium to the left ventricle?
bicuspid valve