Chem/Phys Flashcards
What are the hydrostatic and pressure formulas?
P = F / A P = P₀ + pgh (pressure exerted on object in water) P is the hydrostatic pressure P₀ is the air pressure at surface (usually 1 atm)
What is isothermal? how is energy transfer formula altered?
No temperature change Q=W This is because temperature is related to ΔU is related to internal energy change which influences temperature
What is isobaric? what formula is used?
No pressure change. No specific change to formula
What is isovolumetric, what formula is used?
No volume change, ΔU = Q
What is adiabatic in a system? what formula is used?
No heat in or out ΔU = -W
Buoyancy formula?
Fb = pVg
Finding Work given a force and distance of object travelled along with angle
W = Fd cosø
Power formula? what unit is it in?
Work / time = Nm / s = J / s = Watt
VAT VAX TAX distance
v = v₀ + at v² = v₀² + 2ax x = v₀t + at² / 2 d = vt
Force formula for tension with a double pulley?
F net = 2T - mg Can adjust to (F - mg) / 2 = T
Acet means what?
2 carbons attached to carbonyl oxygen
Mechanical energy formula
E = U + K E = mgh + 1/2mv² Mechanical energy in joules is equal to Potential energy + Kinetic energy
Work energy-theorem
Wnet = ΔK = Kf - Ki The total work in joules is equal to the change in kinetic energy or speed of something so take the final speed and subtract it from the initial
Work done by nonconservative forces formula?
W nonconservative = ΔE = ΔU + ΔK
Conservation of mechanical energy formula? What are conservational forces?
ΔE = ΔU + ΔK = 0 Gravitational, electrostatic, elastic The change in mechanical energy is equal to 0 if the only forces effecting it are gravity or electrostatics or elastic
What are some unconservative forces in work?
friction air resistance drag
What is the second law of thermodynamics
In any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same.
What happens when a alkene is treated with Br2?
backside attack, anti configurations for both bromides
A diverging lense is (concave/convex) and has a (+/-) focal point?
A diverging lens is concave and has a negative focal point
What is the doppler effect equation?
f’ = f [(v ± vD) / (v ∓ vs)]
Top sign for Toward
f’ = perceived frequency
f = actual emmited frequency
v = speed of sound in medium
vD = speed of detector
vS = speed of sound source
high Ksp = ? solubility
high
What is a colloidal solution?
A solution that has aggregation (mixture of two phases) of particles
The two solutions in Extractions need to be ______ ?
immiscible
How would you extract an acid from solution?
By adding a base
A base will remove the H+ making the acid more polar and will be more soluble into the aqueous phase
Extraction follows the solubility rule that …?
likes dissolve likes
Carboxylase uses what?
CO2
What is a good sign of a nucleophiles?
”-“ / lone pair
”-“ sign or lone pair on a C,N,O,H, or even pi bonds
Nucleophiles are determined by what four factors?
ChESS
Charge
Electronegativity (less EN is better)
Steric Hinderence (smaller, better)
Solvent (not protic)
What charge will a good electrophile have?
Positive
What is another name for oxidant?
oxidizing agent
What is the difference between pKa and a Ka?
Ka the concentration of hydrogen and the pKa is the -log of the Ka
How to find pH, given Ka?
pKa=-log(ka)
Hendersen Hasslbach equation
pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]
