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MCAT mastery > Chem/Phys 3 > Flashcards

Chem/Phys 3 Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

What is formic acid?

A

Carboxylic acid with a hydrogen and hydroxyl attached to the carbonyl carbon

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2
Q

What is Acetic acid?

A

Methyl group and hydroxyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon

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3
Q

What is propionic acid?

A

Ethyl group and hydroxyl group attached to carbonyl carbon

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4
Q

O3 will create what to an “-ene” ?

A

Two carboxylic acids

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5
Q

How is an amide formed?

A

COOH + R-NH2 -> RCOONHR

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6
Q

What would you get when you have: RCOOH + ROH -> ?

A

RCOOR Ester

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7
Q

What does “oate” be used for in a name?

A

Either for ester “methyl propanoate” Or for carboxylic salt “sodium-propanoate”

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8
Q

What carbon does the decarboxylation like to happen with

A

A beta carbon with a ketone of a carboxylic acid chain.

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9
Q

Lactams are cyclic ______

A

amides

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10
Q

Lactones are cyclic _____?

A

esters

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11
Q

What is definition of a real image?

A

Light rays converge at position of image

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12
Q

Concave mirrors are ?

A

converging

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13
Q

Convex mirros are ?

A

diverging mirrors

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14
Q

focal length = ?

A

r/2

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15
Q

1/f = ? = ?

A

1/f = 1/o + 1/i = 2/r

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16
Q

In mirrors if i > 0, if i

A

real image virtual image

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17
Q

magnification formula

A

m = -i / o

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18
Q

When m > 0 =?

A

upright

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19
Q

m | > 1 =?

A

enlarged

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20
Q

|i|>|o| in spherical mirrors = ?

A

enlarged image

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21
Q

An image on the same side as the object is positive/negative?

A

positive

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22
Q

Where is the focal point of a convex mirror?

A

on the other side of the mirror.

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23
Q

A convex mirror will ALWAYS produce?

A

Virtual, upright, reduced image

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24
Q

IR and UV on mirrors?

A

Inverse = real Upright = Virtual

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25
Q

Index of refraction

A

n = c/v c= speed of light in vacuum v = speed of light in medium

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26
Q

When light goes from a slower media to a faster media, what is the refraction?

A

Bends away from the normal

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27
Q

Lens’ have ____ focal points?

A

2

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28
Q

What is ortho meta para?

A

Positions on a benzene right, related to how far away they are from one constituent. Ortho 1 spot away meta 2 spots away para 3 spots away

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29
Q

Williamson reaction is for?

A

ethers

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30
Q

Hoffmans elimation is doing what?

A

taking out a carbon group

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31
Q

What phases is the speed of sound fastest in?

A

Solid > liquid > gases

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32
Q

What is sodium 2-chlorobutanoate?

A

Sodium in place of H on carboxylic acid “oate” is replaces the “oic”

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33
Q

What does An Ox - a Red fat Cat gain mass

A

Anodes oxidize Cations Reduce and are fat because they get the electrons Cations also gain mass when they are coated

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34
Q

What does IR best in determining?

A

functional groups

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35
Q

In what test does the HOMO go to the LUMO?

A

UV radiation Highest occupied molecular orbital to the lowest unoccupied.

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36
Q

C=O IR spectrum?

A

1750 sharp

37
Q

OH IR spectrum?

A

broad at 3300

38
Q

N-H has an IR spectrum of ?

A

3300 sharp

39
Q

In a COOH what will the OH attached to it be? (IR spectroscopy)

A

3000

40
Q

What reactions occur in electrochemical cells?

A

ox-red

41
Q

What is the electrodes in electrochemical cell mnemonic?

A

AN OX and a fat RED CAT gains mass Anodes are oxidizing, lose electrons Cathodes are reducers, gain electrons and gain mass when they plate a metal

42
Q

Current runs from the ? Electrons run from the ?

A

I = cathode to anode e- = anode to cathode

43
Q

Which electrochemical cells are always spontaneous?

A

Galvanic or voltaic cells

44
Q

What is the purpose of the salt bridge?

A

exchange anions and cations to balance newly generated charges

45
Q

What do galvanic or non-chargeable batteries have a short lifespan?

A

Because the flow depletes the salt bridge

46
Q

Zn (s) | Zn2+ (1 M) || Cu2+ (1 M) | Cu (s) is what?

A

the short of the electrochemical cells Zn = anode Cu2+ = cathode

47
Q

Electrolytic cells have what kind of G?

A

+G non spontaneous

48
Q

What equation do you use when you want to know the moles of element deposited on a plate?

A

mol M = It / nF Metal ion being deposited at aspecific electrode I = current t = time n = # of electron equivalents for a specific metal ion.

49
Q

What is an example of a concentration electrochemical cell?

A

a neuron

50
Q

What two things are rechargeable batteries made of?

A

two half-cells conductive material

51
Q

a positive reduction potential means what?

A

Greater tendency to be reduced

52
Q

in electrochemical cells what else is the emf called?

A

E⁰cell

53
Q

the emf or E⁰cell have an _______ sign to ΔG?

A

opposite -emf = +ΔG

54
Q

Given the E⁰reducing of the cathode and anode, find the E⁰cell

A

E⁰cell = E⁰red,cath - E⁰red,anode

55
Q

What equation relate ΔG and E⁰cell?

A

ΔG⁰ = -nFE⁰cell n = number of moles of electrons F = faradays constant E⁰cell = standard emf of cell

56
Q

When measuring the E⁰cell in nonstandard conditions, what equation is used?

A

Ecell = E⁰cell - RT/nF (lnQ) Q = reaction quotient

57
Q

Simplified E⁰cell in nonstandard conditions equation

A

Ecell = E⁰cell - (0.0592/n) logQ

58
Q

IR spectroscopy measure the molecular ________?

A

vibrations

59
Q

UV spectroscopy: the more conjugated the compound the ______ the energy and the _________ the wavelength of maximum absorbance

A

lower greater

60
Q

NMR measures the magnetic _____?

A

moments

61
Q

What is the reference peak in NMR?

A

TMS

62
Q

In H-NMR the further left you go, the ?

A

further downfield and deshielded you become

63
Q

Splitting follows what rule?

A

N+1 N = protons

64
Q

Aromatics are where on the H-NMR

A

6-8.5

65
Q

Aldehydes are where on the H-NMR?

A

9-10

66
Q

COOH is where on the H-NMR?

A

10.5 - 12

67
Q

Alkynes are where on the H-NMR?

A

2-3ppm

68
Q

Alkenes are where on the H-NMR?

A

4.6-6ppm

69
Q

What is the filtrate in filtration?

A

what passes through the filter

70
Q

In distillation the will the high or low boiling points vaporize first?

A

Low BP will vaporize first

71
Q

The end product of distillation is called the ?

A

distillate

72
Q

When would you use vacuum distillation?

A

When the BP is over 150 C

73
Q

What would you use fractional distillation? (with the weird jagged tube)

A

When the BP are similar Within 25 C

74
Q

In chromatography what is the stationary phase or adsorbent?

A

the solid medium

75
Q

In chromatography what is the mobile phase?

A

liquid

76
Q

What is the retardation factor fomula?

A

used for TLC (chromatography) Rf = distance spot moved / distance solvent front moved

77
Q

Proteins or nucleic acids can be separated by ?

A

column chromatography

78
Q

What happens in size-exclusion chromatography?

A

Tiny pore slow down tin molecules

79
Q

How does affinity chromatography work?

A

by having a column that has a high affinity for a protein slow the protein, then you can wash the protein out

80
Q

What would make something volatile?

A

low MP sublimible solid vaporizable liquids

81
Q

What is the eluent in gas chromatography?

A

gas

82
Q

What does HPLC stand for?

A

high-performance liquid chromatography

83
Q

What is the eluent in HPLC?

A

liquid

84
Q

What is the spectrum of visible light?

A

700 nm–ROYGBIV–400 nm

85
Q

Frequency of wavelength of light c =

A

c = λf λ is in meters (wavelength distance f is frequency 1/s c = speed of light 3 x 10^8 m/s

86
Q

If you wanted to extract an acid, what would you need to add ?

A

A base

Like NaOH

87
Q

Whats an amide look like?

A
88
Q
A

MCAT mastery (18 decks)

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