PROTOZOA Flashcards
1
Q
protozoa is a eukaryote, unicellular with ___ and __
A
ectoplasm and endoplasm
2
Q
Protozoa are with
A
nucleus/nuclei, cytoplasm, outer limiting membrane and organelles
3
Q
Protozoa are motile with locomotory apparatus: __, __ ,& __
A
cilia, flagella, & pseudopodia
4
Q
protozoa require __ environment
A
wet environment
5
Q
protozoa require wet environment for?
A
feeding, locomotion, osmoregulation and reproduction
6
Q
infective stage which are resistant to environmental changes
A
Cyst
7
Q
vegetative state
A
Trophozoite
8
Q
E. histolytica was discovered by
A
Fedor Losch
9
Q
E. hystolytica. subphylum
A
Sarcodina
10
Q
E. hystolytica. superclass
A
Rhizopoda
11
Q
E. hystolytica. class
A
Lobosea
12
Q
E. hystolytica. order
A
Amoebida
13
Q
E. hystolytica. family
A
Entamoebidae
14
Q
E. hystolytica. genus
A
Entamoeba
15
Q
false feet to move
A
psuedopod
16
Q
developed cyst
A
trophozoite
17
Q
most invasive entamoeba parasite
A
Entamoeba hystolytica
18
Q
how many nucleus in cyst in E. hystolitica
A
1-4 nucleus
19
Q
E. hystolitica karyotype in nucleus (cyst) is small and central known as
A
bulls eye appearance
20
Q
E. hystolitica (cyst) Cytoplasm is fine granular ground glass appearance (__?)
A
clean looking
21
Q
ingestion inclusion of E. hystolitica (cyst) cytoplasm
A
RBCs
22
Q
E. hystolitica (cyst) CB (chromatin bar)
A
elongated bars with blunt rounded ends (cigar-shaped, sausage shaped, rod like)
23
Q
Motility of E. hystolitica (cyst)
A
progressive, directional
24
Q
E. hystolitica size of cyst
A
10-20 um, spherical
25
E. hystolitica trophozoite size
12-60 um, irregular
26
E. hystolitica trophozoite how many nucleus
1 nuclei
27
only known pathogenic amoeba
E. hystolitica
28
E. hystolitica can cause __ and ___ amoebiasis
intra and extraintestinal amoebiasis
29
E. hystolitica. Asymptomatic. The parasite is a ____ strain
low-virulence
30
E. hystolitica. Asymptomatic. The patients immune system is ___
intact
31
E. hystolitica. Intestinal amoebiasis. Can Lumen-dwelling amoeba cause any illness?
No, unless they
invade the intestinal tissues
32
E. hystolitica. Lumen-dwelling amoeba do not cause any illness, unless they invade the ?
intestinal tissues
33
E. hystolitica. Intestinal Amoebiasis. ___ infection, ___ asymptomatic
10% infection, 90% asymptomatic
34
Penetration of the amoeba is facilitated by the motility of the ___ and the ___
trophozoites and the tissue lytic enzyme, histolysin
35
the tissue lytic enzyme, ____, which damages the mucosal epithelium.
histolysin
36
The metacystic trophozoites penetrate the columnar epithelial cells in _____ in the colon.
the crypts of Liberkühn
37
the typical lesion seen in intestinal amoebiasis
Amoebic ulcer
38
The typical amoebic ulcer is _____in cross section,
flask-shaped
39
The typical amoebic ulcer is flask-shaped in cross section, with mouth and neck being narrow and base large and rounded. “____” constriction
Napkin ring
40
E. hystolitica. Typical manifestation
amoebic dysentery
41
E. hystolitica. Typical manifestation. Stool is __
large, foul-smelling, and brownish black, often with
bloodstreaked mucus intermingled with feces.
42
E. hystolytica. Clinical Features. ____ crystals are often present
Charcot-Leyden crystals
43
E. hystolytica. Chronic involvement of the caecum causes a condition simulating
appendicitis.
44
principal virulence factor which facilitates adherence and activates cellular immune cells of hosts.
Lectin
45
E. hystolytica. 3 Poreforming CHONs (protein)
Amebapores
Cysteine proteases
Histolysin
46
E. hystolytica. can inactivate the host receptor
Neuraminidase
47
E. hystolytica. promotes tissue damage and invasion of
trophozoites
Metallocollagenases
48
most common extraintestinal complication of amoebiasis.
Hepatic Amoebiasis
49
Hepatic Amoebiasis. Liver abscess:
Thick chocolate brown pus (anchovy sauce pus)
50
E. hystolytica. Hepatic Amoebiasis. The incidence of liver abscess is less common in ___ and rare in __
less common in women and rare in children under 10 years of age
51
Very rarely, primary amoebiasis of the lung may occur by direct
hematogenous spread from the colon by passing the liver
Pulmonary Amoebiasis
52
Pulmonary Amoebiasis. sputum
Chocolate brown
53
E. hystolytica. The patient presents with severe pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, andnon-productive cough.
Pulmonary Amoebiasis
54
E. hystolytica. Definitive host:
Human
55
E. hystolytica. Reservoir host:
Human
56
E. hystolytica. Diagnostic stage:
Cysts, trophozoites
57
E. hystolytica. Infective form:
Mature quadrinucleate cyst passed in feces of convalscents and carriers. The cysts can remain viable under moist conditions for about 10
days.
58
E. hystolytica. Mode of Transmission (MOT)
Man acquires infection by swallowing food and water
contaminated with cysts
59
Stomach to Small Intestine:
Excystation
60
Small Intestine to Large Intestine:
Encystation
61
Large intestine to organs
Dissemination
62
E. hystolytica. Excystation
Cyst - Metacyst - Metacystic trophozoite
63
E. hystolytica. Encystation.
Binucleated cyst - Quadrinucleated cyst - Cyst excreted in feces
(formed, dehydrated lumen)
64
E. hystolytica. Dissemination
Large intestine - Bloodstream - Organs (Liver, Lungs, Brain, Skin)
65
E. hystolytica. Lab Diagnosis. Microscopic detection of the trophozoites and cysts in stool
specimen:
Standard Method (Fecalysis)
66
E. hystolytica. Lab Diagnosis. ____: concentration technique (centrifuge stool)
Gold standard
67
E. hystolytica. Culture media. (6)
Boeck/Drbohlav’s diphasic medium
Locke’s egg medium
Shaffer Ryden Frye medium
Balamuth’s medium
Robinson and Inoki
Craig’s medium
68
E. hystolytica. Lab Diagnosis. Serodiagnosis:
Indirect hemagglutination
Latex agglutination
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA
69
E. hystolytica. Lab Diagnosis. Sample. Detection of trophozoite: Fresh stool must be examined within ____ after collection
30 minutes
70
E. hystolytica. Lab Diagnosis. Sample. ____ must be performed for detection
Direct fecal smear
71
Diagnosis for Extraintestinal
Amoebiasis. through?
Liver biopsy, Radiological examination
72
drug of choice for the treatment of invasiveamoebiasis.
Metronidazole
73
drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst passers. It is given after course of metronidazole for invasive amoebiasis.
Diloxanide furoate
74
E. hystolytica. Other drugs for treatment
Tinidazole and Secnidazole
75
Morphologically same with E. histolytica, but their DNA and RNA are different
Entamoeba dispar
76
It is more prevalent esp. In sexually active homosexual men and do not invade tissues of humans.
Entamoeba dispar
77
It causes pathogenesis in animals such as kittens, gerbils and guinea pigs
Entamoeba dispar
78
Relatively similar to E histolytica apart from its smaller size
Entamoeba hartmanni
79
'small race' entamoeba
Entamoeba hartmanni
80
E. hartmanni. Trophozoite size
3-12 um in size
81
E. hartmanni. Trophozoite. Nucleus. Karyotype: small and ___
eccentric
82
E. hartmanni. Trophozoite. Motility
Non-progressive
83
E. hartmanni. Cyst. Size
(4 -10 um in size)
84
E. hartmanni. Cyst. CB: elongated bar with blunt rounded end (___, ___)
bar-like, rice
grain
85
largest race of entamoeba
Entamoeba coli
86
E. coli. Described by __ and ___ in Kolkata
by Lewis (1870) and Cunningham (1871)
87
E. coli. Its presence in healthy
persons was reported by
Grassi (1878)
88
Nonpathogeniccommensal intestinal amoeba but widely distributed
Entamoeba coli
89
E. coli. TROPHOZOITE (___ um in size)
15-50 um in size
90
E. coli. TROPHOZOITE. Nucleus . PC:
dark solid ring
91
E. coli. TROPHOZOITE. cytoplasm Coarsely granular, Vacuolated
(____)
dirty looking
92
E. coli. TROPHOZOITE. motility:
Non-progressive (sluggish), Blunt, granular pseudopod
93
E. coli. Cyst. (___ um in size)
13-30 um in size
94
E. coli. Cyst. how many nucleus
1-8 nucleus
95
E. coli. Cyst. Cytoplasm. CB: with pointed ends (___)
splinter-like, broomstick, jagged ends
96
No cyst stage. It is generally live on teeth surface and it contains food vacuoles, bacteria and WBCs
Entamoeba gingivalis
97
It can be opportunistic amoeba and can be found in cervix, lymph nodes, lung, neck, uterus and in mandibular osteomyelitis
Entamoeba gingivalis
98
It can also found in dental plaques of immunocompromised hosts and may plat a role in
periodontitis (swollen gums and teeth loss)
Entamoeba gingivalis
99
E. gingivalis. Trophozoite. Size
10-20 um in size
100
E. gingivalis. Trophozoite. Cytoplasm. I: epithelial cells,___
WBCs
