Protocols Flashcards
What are protocols? (1 mark)
Protocols are standards used to define how devices communicate.
What are protocols used for?(2 marks)
They are used to govern the transmission of data and allow everyone to follow the same rules and standards when using data.
Key terms you will need to know.
Handshaking - Handshaking is when the client requests access, the server grants the access and protocols are agreed on.
Packets - Collection of data
Packet switching - Packet switching is when packets are sent individually across a network. The packets may take different routes depending on the availability and traffic conditions. The packets then reassemble when they arrive to the user.
Give one advantage of packet switching.
One advantage of packet switching is improved efficiency because packets of data will take different routes depending on the traffic conditions to ensure the network doesn’t slow down.
Information of protocols
Each protocol has its own method to determine:
How data is formatted when sent
How that data is compressed
The size of the message and the speed of the transmission
What to do with it once recieved
How to check for errors in data
What several parts make up a data packet?
You need to include these in your answer:
Source address - Where the file is coming from
Destination address - Where it is going to
Packet sequence number - Which part of the file is it
DATA - The data itself
Checksum - Ensuring it is the same as the original
What is the TCP model?
It’s a model which consist of four layers with each layer having responsibility in the communication process
What does the application layer do?
The application layer encodes data so it can be understood by the recipient. It formats the data to the protocol being used as well as giving it an appropriate header.
What does the transport layer do?
The transport layer splits the data packets up and adds packet information.
What does the network/internet layer do?
The network/internet layer attaches the IP address of the sender to the recipient.
What does the link layer do?
The link layer attaches the media access control address of the sender and the reciever.
What is a HTTP?
A hypertext transfer protocol is a protocol used for requesting and recieving web pages in the form of hypertext markup language.
How does a HTTP work?
The protocol requests the webs server to transmit the requested page to the client machine.
File Transfer Protocol
Used to transfer files online.
Can be used to share/upload files - Files are uploaded onto a FTP server and the link is sent to another person.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Used for sending e-mails
Needed when using different e-mail service providers
One requirement of this protocol is the specification of an IP port address. This requires a sender name, receiver name, subject and body.
Post Office Protocol (POP3)
Used for recieving e-mails
POP reciveves and holds the e-mail on the server until the user picks it up.
User can download e-mails from the server onto a computer.
POP creates local copies of e-mails and deletes the original from the server so the e-mails are on the computer.
Simple Network Management Protocol
Used to manage networks
Used to collect data/information from and configuring network devices, such as servers, printers, hubs, switches and routers on an IP network.
Transmission Control Protocol
Standards that define how messages are broken down into data packets and reassembled at the destination. It is able to resend lost packets and detects errors
User Datagram Protocol
Similar to TCP but doesn’t check for errors so it’s faster.
Datagram - packet of information/data
The user can’t request for missing packets
No gurantee data packets will be recieved.
Internet Protocol
Identifies the location of a device on the internet
Allows data packets to reach their destination on a network
An IP address is a number that is linked to all online activity from a computer on a network. - Unique identifier
Internet Control Message Protocol
An error reporting protocol
Used to create and send error messages to the source IP address when problems occur when delivering IP packets on a network.
