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CC LAB > PROTEINS > Flashcards

PROTEINS Flashcards

1
Q

Bonds between amino acids

A

Peptide bonds = covalent bonds

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2
Q

Ang chemical reaction from aa -> proteins muragg

A

Esterification

Naay water na end product

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3
Q

are Complex composed of macromolecules amino acids linked by_____ bonds in a head to tail fashion

A

Proteins

peptide

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4
Q

Proteins are synthesized in the

A

Liver

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5
Q

Proteins

Net charge and electrophoretic mobility are determined by the_______ amino acid monomers

A

acidic and basic

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6
Q

p1

A

6.8

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7
Q

↑H+

Protein becomes

A

increasingly +ve

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8
Q

↑OH-

Protein becomes

A

increasingly -ve

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9
Q

molecule that contains an equal number of positively and negatively charged functional groups.

A

Zwitterion

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10
Q

structure sequence of a chain of animo acids

A

Primary protein

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11
Q

structure hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes the amino acids to fold into a repeating pattern

A

Secondary protein

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12
Q

structure three-dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

A

Tertiary protein

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13
Q

structure protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

A

Quaternary protein

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14
Q

Structure of Hemoglobin

A

Quaternary

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15
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN SPECIMEN

_______(sample of choice)
_______
_______may interfere
_______- ↑ Total Protein

A

SERUM

Need not be fasting

Lipemia

Hemolysis

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16
Q

If hemolysis_______then reject

A

≥ 200 mg/dl

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17
Q

Digestion of protein; measurement of nitrogen content

A

Kjeldahl

18
Q

Reference method;

assume average nitrogen content of 16%

A

Kjeldahl

19
Q

Formation of violet-colored chelate between Cu2+ ions and peptide bonds

A

Biuret

20
Q

Routine method;

requires at least two peptide bonds and an alkaline medium

A

Biuret

21
Q

Protein binds to dye and causes a spectral shift in the absorbance maximum of the dye

A

Dye binding

22
Q

Research use

A

Dye binding

23
Q

is a rapid, simple method, but is not commonly used for total protein analysis

A

Refractometry

24
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS

• Classic method (determines______)
• Not used in_____
• Average of_____ mass in protein = protein concentration

A

KJELDAHL METHOD

Nitrogen

clinical laboratory

16% nitrogen

25
Q

3 steps in kjeldahl method

A

Digestion
Neutralization and Distillation
Titration

26
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS

KJELDAHL METHOD

Step 1: DIGESTION

• The serum proteins are precipitated with an organic acid such as _____ or _____

• The nonprotein nitrogen is removed with the supernatant.

A

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or tungstic acid.

27
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS
KJELDAHL METHOD

(2) Neutralization & Distillation

The_____ oxidizes the C, H, and S in protein to CO2, CO, H2O, and SO2

A

H2SO4

28
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS
KJELDAHL METHOD

The protein pellet is digested in:
•________ in _______

• Catalyst =_______ (to hasten the reaction)

•________= 1 boiling point; improve the efficiency of digestion.

A

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with heat (340°C to 360°C)

Cupric sulfate

Potassium sulfate

29
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS
KJELDAHL METHOD

(2) Neutralization & Distillation

• The nitrogen in the protein is converted to__________, which is then measured by adding alkali and distilling the ammonia into a standard _______ solution.

A

ammonium bisulfite (NH4HS04)

boric acid

30
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS
KJELDAHL METHOD

(3) Titration

• The ________ formed is then titrated with a standard solution of____ to determine the amount of nitrogen in the original protein solution.

A

ammonium borate (NH4H2BO3)

HCI

31
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS

Most widely used method

A

BIURET METHOD

32
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS

• Recommended by____ for determination of Total Protein

• Cupric ions complex with the groups involved in the_______.

• Alkaline medium and at least 2 peptide bonds = a_______ formed

A

BIURET METHOD

IFCC - The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC)

peptide bond

violet-colored chelate

33
Q

BIURET method

Copper (II) - color???

Peptide-copper complex - color???

A

Blue

Deep purple

34
Q

BIURET REAGENT
• _______- to provide an alkaline medium so that the reaction can take place
• Contains _______ to complex cupric ions
•_______ as antioxidant

A

Potassium hydroxide

sodium potassium tartrate

Potassium iodide

35
Q

Biurets method

• Absorbance is measured at_____
• When small peptides react, the color of the chelate produced has a different shade than that seen with larger peptide

A

540 nm

36
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS
BIURET METHOD

• Color varies from____ to ____
• Color formed is proportional to the number of _____ and reflects the____

A

pink to a reddish violet

peptide bonds

Total Protein level

37
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS
BIURET METHOD

• In Multiple Myeloma,____\ conc. is underestimated due to lighter shade of color produced.
•_____ in the sample is an interferent.

A

C-protein

Lipemia

38
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS

• Based on the ability of most proteins in serum to bind dyes

A

DYE-BINDING

39
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS
DYE-BINDING

• Used to stain protein bands after electrophoresis:

A

• Bromophenol blue
• Ponceau S
• Amido black 10B
• Lissamine green
• Coomassie brilliant blue

40
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS

DYE-BINDING

•________ relies on the binding to protein
• A shift absorbance maximum of the dye from______
• Absorbance at_____ = protein concentration

A

Coomassie brilliant blue 250

465 to 595 nm

595 nm

41
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: METHODS

• a quick alternative to chemical analysis of serum total protein when a rapid estimate is required
• Measurement of____ due to solutes in serum.

A

REFRACTOMETRY

Refractive Index

CC LAB (46 decks)

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