LABORATORY GLUCOSE TESTS

Question 1

2-hour postprandial test

A solution containing______ of glucose is administered, and a specimen for_____ glucose measurement is drawn____ hours later.

Answer 1

75 g

plasma

2

Question 2

2 hours post prandial test

Under this criterion, the patient drinks a standardized (75 g) glucose load and a glucose measurement is taken 2 hours later.

If that level is______ and is confirmed on a subsequent day by either an increased random or fasting glucose level, the patient is diagnosed with diabetes.

Answer 2

> 200 mg/dL

Question 3

The ________ is not recommended for routine use under the ADA guidelines. This procedure is inconvenient to patients and is not being used by physicians for diagnosing diabetes.

Answer 3

oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

Question 4

is the term used to describe the formation of a hemoglobin compound produced when glucose (a reducing sugar) reacts with the amino group of hemoglobin (a protein).

Answer 4

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Question 5

HbA1c

The glucose molecule attaches non-enzymatically to the hemoglobin molecule to form a_____.

The rate of formation is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentrations.

Answer 5

ketoamine

Question 6

Because the average red blood cell lives approximately 120 days, the glycosylated hemoglobin level at any one time reflects the average blood glucose level over the previous ______

Answer 6

2 to 3 months

Question 7

Therefore, measuring the ______ provides the clinician with a time-averaged picture of the patient’s blood glucose concentration over the past 2-3 months.

Answer 7

glycosylated hemoglobin

Question 8

is a more reliable method of monitoring long-term diabetes control than random plasma glucose.

Normal values range from______

Answer 8

HbA1c

4.5 to 8.0%

Question 9

The specimen requirement for HbA1c measurement is an______

Answer 9

EDTA whole blood sample

Question 10

HbA1c

The methods of measurement are grouped into two major categories

Answer 10

(1) based on charge differences between glycosylated and non-glycosylated hemoglobin (cation-exchange chromatography, electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing)

(2) structural characteristics of glycol-groups on hemoglobin (affinity chromatography and immunoassay.

Question 11

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIABETES MELLITUS

Random plasma glucose

symptoms of diabetes

Answer 11

200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)

Question 12

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIABETES MELLITUS

Fasting plasma glucose

Answer 12

126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)

Question 13

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIABETES MELLITUS

Two-hour plasma glucose

Answer 13

200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during an OGTT

Question 14

those patients with fasting glucose levels 100 mg/dL but 126 mg/dL were called the______ group.

Answer 14

impaired fasting glucose

Question 15

patients who had 2-hour OGTT levels of 140 mg/dL but 200 mg/dL was defined as having_____

Answer 15

impaired glucose tolerance

Question 16

Patients with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance are referred to as having “______,” indicating the relatively high risk for the development of diabetes in these patients.

Answer 16

prediabetes