Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CC LAB > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Sampling and Storage

A

Biological variation
Fasting
Posture
Type of sample (plasma or serum)
Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biological variation

– Age

A

(↑ Cholesterol )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Biological variation

Sex : women have____ level than men

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biological variation

Seasonal what increases during winter

A

(Cholesterol↑ in winter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biological variation

Dietary intake (restricted diet for_____)

A

2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biological variation

Medications (eg)

A

oral contraceptives
Postmenopausal estrogen
Antihypertensive drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biological variation

A

– Age (↑ Chole)
– Sex : women have lower level than men
– Seasonal (Chole ↑ in winter)
– Dietary intake (restricted diet for 2 weeks)
– Medications (oral contraceptives)
– Medical disorders
– Lifestyle and other biological variation
• Recent MI, stroke, cardiac catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TRUE/FALSE : Total Chole, HDL, LDL and TAG can be measured in fasting patients only

A

FALSE!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can be measured in NON-FASTING individuals

A

– Total Cholesterol

– HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What requires FASTING individuals

A

Triglycerides (TAG)
LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fasting

• Ideal time:

A

12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CMs markedly ↑ TAG after meals (clearance time:_______)

A

6 to 9 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

> 12h fasting = CM -> ???

A

False Increase CM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Some LPP physiologically ↓ after meals due to____ mediated compositional changes that occurs when CM is catabolized

A

CETP

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NCEP Adult treatment Panel III: at least____ hours

A

9hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Posture

• When standing patient reclines =

A

↓ 10% TC (total cholesterol), LDL, HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Position of the patient must be standardized for venipuncture

A

sitting position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Current NCEP guidelines for lipid concentration:____ minutes seated.

A

5mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Prolonged venous occlusion = hemoconcentration (↑chole by____)

A

10-15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Type of sample (plasma or serum)

• When applying Friedewald equation where____ is calculated -> Serum

A

LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Type of sample

_______: Ultracentrifugation & electrophoresis (LPP analysis)

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Type of sample

_____ should not remain in contact with the cells overnight

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Protein aggregation occurs less frequently using what sample?

A

Serum (less protein)

Plasma protein is about 3–5 g/liter greater than serum protein. (Taas protein sa plasma kay wala nag coagulate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Type of sample (plasma or serum)

• Anticoagulant used:

_____: Large osmotic effects (Falsely low)

_____: Alter electrophoretic mobility

_____: preferred

A

Blue top (sodium citrate)

Green top (heparin)

Purple top (EDTA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Storage – TC, TAG, HDL, Apo Long-term Short-term
Long-term (>2 mos) ***-70C*** Short-term (1-2 mos.) ***-20C***
26
Estimation of Plasma Lipids Cholesterol
A. Chemical Methods a) Liebermann-Burchard b) Salkowski c) Abell-Kendall B. Enzymatic methods
27
Cholesterol A. Chemical Methods
a) Liebermann-Burchard b) Salkowski c) Abell-Kendall
28
2 mg of dry extract was dissolved in ***acetic anhydride,*** heated to boiling, cooled and then 1 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid was added along the sides of the test tube.
Liebermann-Burchard's test
29
Liebermann-Burchard's test: Formation of______ colour indicates the presence of steroids.
GREEN
30
2 mg of dry extract was shaken with ***chloroform,*** to the chloroform layer sulphuric acid was added slowly by the sides of test tube.
Salkowski reaction
31
Salkowski reaction Formation of ____ colour indicated the presence of steroids.
RED
32
Formation of green colour indicates the presence of steroids.
Liebermann-Burchard's test
33
Formation of red colour indicated the presence of steroids.
Salkowski reaction
34
Abell - Kendall • Hydrolysis of CE using alcoholic KOH (potash) to UE form • Extraction of UE form with petroleum ether • Measurement with______ reagent
Liebermann-Burchard rgt.
35
Liebermann-Burchard rgt.
Sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and acetic anhydride
36
Abell - Kendall Color indicator
BLUISH GREEN COLOR
37
Yung gigawa during lab kay chemical or enzymatic method?
Enzymatic
38
Benefits of enzymatic mtds:
• Smaller sample volume • NO preliminary extraction step • Rapid • Precise
39
Enzymatic method _____ COLOR = READ AT____nm
RED 500nm
40
Enzymatic method Interfering Substances:
Plant sterols, Ascorbic acid, Bilirubin, Sample turbidity, Hgb
41
+ H2SO4 =_____ END COLOR
PINK
42
Quinoneimine dye
Faint Pink
43
HDL-CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT • Separated by chemical precipitation Precipitating Agents •– heparin in combination with manganese to precipitate apo B-containing LPP •– sodium phosphotungstate with magnesium •– Dextran sulfate with magnesium •Interfering factor: elevated____ levels •– assay for cholesterol content
Earliest Alternative More specific TAG Clear supernate
44
HDL-CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT • Gold standard / Reference Method – 3-Step Procedure
– Ultracentrifugation – to remove VLDL – Heparin Manganese Precipitation – to remove LDL – Analysis of supernatant cholesterol by the AbellKendall Assay
45
HDL-CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT • Gold standard / Reference Method – 3-Step Procedure – – to remove VLDL – – to remove LDL – Analysis of supernatant cholesterol by the
Ultracentrifugation Heparin Manganese Precipitation AbellKendall Assay
46
LDL-CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT • Reference Method •Electrophoretic migration •Ultracentrifugation + Chemical Precipitation
Beta-Quantification
47
LDL-CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT Routine
Friedewald Calculation
48
Estimation of Plasma Lipids FRIEDEWALD EQUATION/CALCULATION mmol/L
LDL = TC – HDL – Plasma TAG/ 2.175 (mmol/L)
49
Estimation of Plasma Lipids FRIEDEWALD EQUATION/CALCULATION mg/dL
LDL = TC – HDL – Plasma TAG/5 (mg/dL)
50
It is recommended that lipoprotein measurements be made no sooner than________ after any form of trauma or acute bacterial or viral infection, and_______ after childbirth.
8 weeks 3 to 4 months
51
________ can be used when only cholesterol, TG, and HDL are measured
Plasma or serum
52
In frozen samples =
TC, TAG, and HDL can be easily presereved
53
Frozen samples are not appropriate for
ultra-centrifugal analysis
54
continues to be the reference method for ***cholesterol*** used by the Centers for Disease Control and prevention or (CDC)
Abell-Kendel method
55
Cholesterol measurement This method can be accurate within about 0.5% of true value.
Enzymatic methods
56
can be read photometrically at 500nm(Red Color)
Quinoneimine dye
57
CHEMICAL METHODS FOR TAG
• Van Handel • Zilversmit Method
58
Measurement for TAG Limits interfering substances
CDC - reference method
59
TAG measurement CDC - reference method - Extraction of TAG by_____ - Isolation of TAG by_____ - Release of glycerol by____
chloroform salicylic acid chromatography saponification
60
TAG Measurement + H2S04 =_____ END COLOR
PINK
61
Triglycerides (Enzyme) Glycerol + Fatty acids
Lipase
62
2H1,0, + Phenol +4-aminoantipyrine (Enzyme) Quinoneimine dye + 4H,O
Peroxidase
63
ADP + Phosphoenol pyruvate (Enzyme) - ATP + Pyruvate
Pyruvate kinase
64
Pyruvate + NADH + H+ (Enzyme) - › Lactate + NAD*
Lactate dehydrogenase
65
HDL-CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT - Precipitating Agents • Earliest -_______ in combination with_____ to precipitate apo B-containing LPP
heparin manganese
66
Precipitating agents Alternative - _______with magnesium
sodium phosphotungstate
67
Precipitating agents More specific -______ with magnesium
Dextran sulfate
68
HDL-CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT Interfering factor:
elevated TAG levels
69
HDL-CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT - assay for cholesterol content
Clear supernate
70
Gold standard / Reference Method - 3-Step Procedure - Ultracentrifugation - to remove_____ - Heparin Manganese Precipitation - to remove____ - Analysis of supernatant cholesterol by the_______
VLDL LDL Abell-Kendall Assay

CC LAB (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions