Clin Significance Flashcards
is a major carbohydrate present in the blood and serves as a primary source of energy.
Glucose
It is usually obtained from ingested starch and sugar.
Glucose
The glucose concentration is normally maintained at a _____ level.
Constant
Excessive glucose is stored as inactive______ mainly in the (2)
glycogen
liver and little in the muscle
Increased glucose
DM
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperadtenalism
Certain liber disease
Decreased glucose
Insulinoma
Hypothyroidism
Hypopituitarism
are simple lipids, formed in the liver by glycerol & fatty acids.
Triglycerides
TAG
They are transported by_____,______ & constitute about ___% of fat, stored as source of energy in the tissue & plasma.
VLDL
LDL
95
TAG
Increased levels are found in
hyperlipidemias
diabetes
nephrotic syndrome
hypothyroidism
TAG
Increased levels are risk factor for
arteriosclerotic coronary disease
peripheral vascular disease
acute pancreatitis
hyperlipoproteinaemia
TAG
Decreased levels are found in
malnutrition
hyperthyroidism
It is the main lipid found in the blood, bile & brain tissues.
Cholesterol
It is also one of the most important steroids of the body & is a precursor of many steroid hormones.
Cholesterol
Two thirds of _____ present in the blood is esterified.
The liver metabolizes the _____ & it is transported in the blood stream by lipoproteins.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol
Increased levels are found in
hypercholesterolaemia
hyperlipidaemia
hypothyroidism
uncontrolled diabetes
nephritic syndrome
cirrhosis
Cholesterol
Decreased levels are found in
malabsorption
malnutrition
hyperthyroidism
anaemia
liver diseases
Blood total cholesterol levels have long been known to be related to______.
coronary heart disease (CHI)
In recent years, in addition to total cholesterol, ________has become an important tool used to assess an individual risk of developing CH since a strong negative relationship between IDL-C concentration and the incidence of CID was reported.
high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
______form the major portion of dissolved substances in the plasma.
They form the basic structural components of the body.
Proteins
They constitute the enzymes present in our body & also secondary source of energy.
The other functions include distribution of water, buffering, transport of various components, defense & coagulation of blood in our body.
Proteins
Proteins
Increased levels are found in
dehydration
myeloma
Proteins
Decreased levels are found in
liver disorders
Nephrotic syndrome
malnutrition
protein due to hemorrhage.
-Not affected by high protein diet
Creatinine
-Serum creatinine is more specific & sensitive indicator of renal function
Creatinine
Creatinine
= pre-renal failure
= renal failure
> 15
< 10
Creatinine
Decreased levels =
muscle dystrophy
-Proteins cannot be stored, broken down to amino acid → break down to give ammonia
-Ammonia = toxic
-Ammonia → Urea (Urea cycle)
Urea
-Elevated levels =
protein breakdown
dehydration
vomiting
diarrhea
renal disorder
Urea
-Decreased
liver failure
pregnancy
= end product of purine metabolism
Uric acid
Uric acid
-Increased =
gout, arthritis
impaired renal function
starvation
Uric acid
-Decreased =
yellow atrophy of the liver
