Protein Synthesis, Proteasomes Flashcards
What are the two steps of protein synthesis? What is transcription? Where does it take place
Transcription
What happens in the transcription? What enzyme is involved? What is bonded together? What does mRNA consist of?
What is the second step of transcription? How does it leave and where does it end up? What does it attach to? What is a ribosome?
What is the last process of protein synthesis called? Where does it occur? What is available in the cytoplasm. What do they carry? What are amino acids? What are the tRNAs looking for? What happens when they find it? How does it do it? How does it read it and what is the read material called? Can you give examples of some pairings? What will happen then with the tRNA? Will it leave something? How are the amino acids held together? When do we know that the protein synthesis is finished? What is the result of it?
There is two steps of Protein synthesis are called transcription and translation. Transcription is when we transcribe the DNA into a message. The DNA is localised in the nucleus therefore the transcription takes place in the nucleus.
In the first step of transcription So hmd called RNA polymerase will connect complementary RNA bases to the DNA. The RNA bases are bonded together to form a single stranded mRNA. mRNA consist of a message made of RNA that has been based on the DNA.
Then the mRNA has to leave the nucleus. It leaves via a nuclear pore and into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm it attaches to a ribosome. Ribosomes synthesise proteins and is made out do ribosomal RNA.
The last process of protein synthesis is the translation. It occurs in the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm there’s tRNA molecules available. tRNAs carry amino acids on them. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. The tRNAs are looking for complementary bases of mRNA strands. When they find it they will transfer their amino acid to it. It does that by bringing the amino acids and read the bases. It reads it in triplets. The read material is called codons. An example of codon parings are A,U,G that pairs with U,A,C. Then the tRNA will leave but it will leave its amino acids. The amino acids are held together by a peptide bond. The process is finished when the tRNA reaches a stop codon. The result of the synthesis is a polypeptide chain made out of amino acids.
What are proteasomes? What is it’s shape? Where is it located? What does it contain?
What does the protesome do? What the difference between proteasomes and lysosomes?
Proteasomes are protein complexes. It’s small and barrel shaped. It’s located in the cytosol and nucleus. It contains regulatory particle that has ATPase.
The proteasome digests damaged and unneeded proteins. The difference is that proteasomes primarily deals with protein while the lysosome digests bulk material, whole organelles and vesicles.
