14. Chemical Composition Of Cell. Protein, Lipid, Nucleic Acid

Question 1

Lipids

What is a simple lipid? Describe fats and waxes. What is a compound lipid? What’s a derived lipid?

Answer 1

Simple lipids are fats and waxes. Fats are eaters of fatty acids and glycerol. Waxes are esters of long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohols.

Question 2

Proteins

What is a protein? How much of the cells dry mass are proteins? What can we determine with the proteins of a cell?

Answer 2

Proteins are very large molecules of linked subunits called amino acids. Proteins are 60% of the cells dry mass. Proteins are important for determining the shape and structure of a cell.

Question 3

How many different types of proteins are there? How are the classes? What is a simple protein? What is a compound protein? And what are some functional classes? What’s a amino acid? How many different amino acids are there? What are the two groups they are divided into? Name son essential proteins? Amino acids are building blocks of Proteins. There are only 20 different amino acids. They are divided into essential and non-essential amino acids. Some Essential proteins are leucine, valine and lysine.

Answer 3

It exists 10000 different proteins. There is simple proteins which are globulins, albumins, histones and collagen. Compound proteins are mixture of simple proteins and carbs for example glycoproteins, lipoproteins, nucleoproteins and metalloproteins. Some functional classes are structural protein, enzymes, transport proteins, storage proteins and defence proteins.

Question 4

Amino acids
What is a amino acid? How many different types of proteins are there and what are they divided into? Can you name some essential amino acids? What is the major function of amino acids? Are they the smallest unit of of proteins? What are som non- protein functions of the amino acids? Is it involved with enzymes? Is it involved with the metabolism? Do they have something with nerves to do?

Answer 4

Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. There are only 20 different types of proteins and they are divided into essential and non-essential amino acids. Some essential amino acids are leucine, valine and lysine. The major function of amino acids are to build large protein molecules. Amino acids are the smallest unit of Proteins. Some non-protein functions are: forming coenzymes and that they are metabolic intermediates. They also work as neurotransmitters which means that they handle the transmission of synopses of the nerve cells.

Question 5

Proteins structure
What kind of protein structure are there? Describe primary structure. Describe secondary structure. Describe tertiary structure. Describe quaternary structure.

Answer 5

The protein structures are primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures. Primary structures is the amino acid sequence. The secondary structure is a regularly repeating structure stabilised by hydrogen bonds. Tertiary structure is when the foldings starts the formation of protein subunits. Quaternary structures is when the subunits are assembled and forms several proteins molecules in a chain called polypeptide chain.

Question 6

Nucleic acid

What are the nucleic acids? What are the three modifications of RNA?

Answer 6

There are two nucleic acid witch are deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) and Ribonucleic acid(RNA). The RNA has three modifications which are Ribosomal RNA(rRNA)
Transfer RNA(tRNA)
Messenger RNA(mRNA)