Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards
Amino glycosides
- how do you know if drug is this category
- mechanism
- special
- Side effects
- mycins (gentamicin)(Amikacin)
- bind to 30S ribosome subunit, bactericidal
- -block initiation
- -block translation+cause premature termination
- -mess with proofreading activity
- Postantibiotic effect-due to bad proteins in drugs-bacteria is still killed after medicine cleared from body
- All are neprhotixic if used over 5 days, elderly, renal insufficient (usually reversible effects), Some are ototoxic (with long use/eldery)-iether auditory or vestribbular-but reversible
Amino glycosides
-names (6) + damage
Streptomycin-vestibular Tobramycin/gentamycin-bad neprho and vestibular Amikacin-Auditory Neomycin-bad neprho, auditory Kanamycin-auditory
Most nephrotoxic aminoglycosides
Tobramycin, Gentamcyin, neomycin
Streptomycin
- mech
- cllnical use
- toxicity
- Aminoglycoside
- 2nd line for Tb used in combo with other agents to prevent resistance (INH and Rifampin)
- vesitublar toxic
Tobramycin and Gentamicin
- mech
- clnical use
- toxicity
Amino glycoside
Gm- severe infection (sepsis/penumonia), resistance prevented by B-lactam, topical (wounds/burns/lesion), gentamicin much cheaper
very nephrotoxic
gentamicin is vestibular toxic
Amikacin
- mech
- clnical use
- toxicity
Aminglycoside
kanamycin derivative-less toxic, when bak resistance to other aminoglyocsides
Auditory tox
Neomycin and Kanamycin
- mech
- clnical use
- toxicity
Aminoglyoside
-Topical use only, Infected surfaces (skin/eyes/joints/plueral cavity/abscessed cavities), neomycinpolymycin-bactiracin combo=neosporin or neocin (eyes)
Neomycin is nephro, kana and neo are auditory too
Amino glycoside general use
Tetracycline general use
Macrolide
ONLY GRAM NEGATIVE (bactericidal)
Gm+ and - and protozoa (bacteriostatic)
bacteriostatic (but cidal at high concentrations) vs aerobic gm + and some gm-
Tetracyclines
- how do you know if drug is this category
- mechanism
- difference between drugs/absorption
- Side effects
-cycline
Binds to 30S ribosome suunbit, prevents tRNA from binding to A site blocking peptide elongation
Differences between are pharmokinetics (duration of action), food impairs absorption (except doxy), alkaline pH pairs absorption, and Multivalent free cations turn off drug (Ca, Mg, Fe, Al)
NVD (stops with eating), forming bone (tooth) discoloration), forming bone deformity and growth inhibition, impair liver function, kidney excretion (except doxy)=accumulation at impairment, photosensitivity
1st tetracycline category
-uses
oral/short (6-8hrs)-cholotetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline
Rickettsiae (1st line) mycoplasma pneumonia, clap (2nd line)-UTI stuff, some spirochetes, combos for (H. pylori ulcers, plague, tularemia, brucellosis), protozoa
2nd tetracycline category
-uses
oral/intermediate (12hrs)-demelocycline and metacycline
Rickettsiae (1st line) mycoplasma pneumonia, clap (2nd line)-UTI stuff, some spirochetes, combos for (H. pylori ulcers, plague, tularemia, brucellosis), protozoa
3rd tetracycline category
- uses
- special
oral/ (doxy can be IV)-16-18 hrs (long)…absorption not impacted by food
Rickettsiae (1st line) mycoplasma pneumonia, clap (2nd line)-UTI stuff, some spirochetes, combos for (H. pylori ulcers, plague, tularemia, brucellosis), protozoa
Doxy has no kidney tox or photosensitivity
4th tetracycline category
-uses
IV only, 36 hours active
brad spectrum uses vs tetracycline resistant strains-MDR strains…skin infections, intraabdomianal infections, pneumonia
protein synthesis inhibitors (major classes)
Aminoglycosides-mycins
Tetracylcines-cylcines
Marcolides-also mycins………but Omycins (cept neomycin)
Macrolide
mech
side fx
use
bind reversibly to 50s ribosome and inhibit translocation step of protein synthesis=bacteriostatic (but @ high concentrations bactericidal)
not many-GI NVD/aneoreixa, acute choleststatic hepatitis @ hypersensitive reaction
bacteriostatic vs aerobic gm+ and some gm -
