GM + Rods Flashcards
GM+ Rods Important
SPORE FORMERS
Gm+ Rods general facts (4)
- large, box car shaped cells
- no human to human transmission
- spores resistant to heat, cold, drying, radiation
- Disease produced by exotoxins
Bacillus general facts-1
Obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, catalase postive
Clostridium general facts-2
obligate anaerobes (killed by O2)
Catalase negative
Bacillus vs clostridium
B-catalase postive
C-catalase negative
Clostridium toxic species
Neuro-C. tetani, C. botulism
Histotoxic-C. perfringes+etc.
Enter toxic-C. dif and C. perfringens
Gram positive rods that need to know
B. anthracis B. cereus CORNYEBACTRUM DIPHTHERIE C. tetano C. botulism C. perfringens C. dif Listeria monocytogenes
2 gram postive rods that probably wouldn’t think about
CORNYEBACTRUM DIPHTHERIE
Listeria monocytogene
Bacillus anthraces
- Natural habitat
- ID
- Virulence
- Disease
- Trx
King Anthra’s Axe
- Animals-WOol Sorter’s disease
- Large gram postive rods, readily cultured, non-hemolytic, nonmotile, grey, bamboo stick appearance, comma appearance, black eschar
- Encoded by 2 plasmids; first has antipahgocytic capsule, second has 3 components of toxin-Edema factor (calmodulin dependent adenyl cyclase), Lethal factor (protease that targets MAPK-nercosis), Protective antigen-binds cell surface, when cleaved binds EF and LF and allow to enter
- Doxy, cipro, or eryhtomycin @ cutaneous, multi drug @ inhalation
Bacillus cereus
Food poisoning-vomiting and diarrhea after eating reheated fried rice
- aerobic and spore forming
- self limiting
Corynebacterium diphtheria
- transmission
- ID
- Virulence factors
- Disease
- Trx
Corazon de la Corrida
- resp droplets, humans only resvour
- Tinsdale agar (potassiuum telluria), colonies with halos, methylene stain makes polychromatic bands, Need to confirm toxin production
- Exotoxin A and B-B lets A into cell, A ADP ribosylates E2F-stops peptide elongation
- Dense grey pseudomembrane on back of throat, cardiac/neurotox, cervical adenopathy
- Diptherae antitoxin from horse and immunization by inactivated toxin
Clostridia tetani
- ID
- Virulence
- Disease
- Trx
Rhesus Research Revolution
- Raquet shaped bacilli, 4 days of incubation
- Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)-inhibits Gaba/glycine release at inhibitory synapses (Subunit B is involve din uptake, Subunit A is pretase that cleaves synaptic vesicle membranes)-lethal
Clostridium botulism
- ID
- Virulence
- Disease
- Trx
- special
Robotulism
- Anaerobic cultures and assays for toxin
- Botulism toxin-inhibits NT at NM junctions, can’t cross BBB (recovery does not give immunity-same as C. tetani), inactivated by heat
- Botulism preceded by nausea/diahhrea, descend progressively, floppy baby
- Equine antitoxin
- transmitted by spore ingestion for baby-adults micro biome won’t let spores germinate
Clostridium perfingens
- where
- ID
- Virulence
- Disease
- Tx
Private Ringen’s Motorcycle Accident
- soil, military accident
- Anaerobic culture on meat or blood based agars, double zone of b/a hemolysis
- alpha toxin is lecithinase/Phosphoplase C that damages PM and kills blood cells (most effected) and other cells
- Food poisoning, cellulite, GI dysfunction, and Gas gangrene (soft tissue infection)-Crepidus, necrosis by alpha toxin
- Penicilin G , hyperbariatric oxygen, debride tissue
Clostridium difficile
- ID
- Virulence/Disease
- Trx
- Special
Field trip to chocolate factory
- ID-culture of CCFA and do immunoassays (for toxin in stool), rhizoid colonies on blood agar, urease -, catalase -, drastically decreased colon lumen, visualize pseudomembranes
- Virulence-Exotoxin A-binds to brush boarder (turns off rho protein), causes inflammation, cell death and watery diahherea; Exotoxin B-disrupts cytoskel integrity by depolarizing actin leading to cell death and yellow-grey exudate that forms pseudomembrane (pseudomembranous colitis)
- oral vancomycin and metronidazole
- B1, NAP1, O27-hypervirulent strain that is resistant and has more of both toxins
