Gram + Cocci Flashcards
GM+ Staphylococci General (6)
- Facultative anaerobes
- clusters of cells
- Catalase +
- Resistant to heat/drying
- Nosocomial
- Skin and mucous membranes
GM + Staphylococci species (3)
S. Aureus
S. Saprophyticus
S. epidermis
S. aureus
- ID
- Virulence Factors
- -special (2)
- Disease
- Trx +resisitance
Golden Staph of Moses
- golden yellow colonies, catalase positive, GM+
- Inflammatory peptidoglycan (techioic acid), protein A( bind Ab backwards-anti opsonic, some have capsules, adhesins
- –alpha toxin-hemolysin, beta toxin-lipase, dmgs RBC, CAMP test, PVL-lyse PMs (CA-MRSA)
- -Superantigen toxins-activates T cells (overprod cytokines), ETA-exfoliative toxin-scaled skin syndrome (bulae and desquamination), TSS1-fever, rash, organ failure, SEA/SEB (enterotoxins)-food poisoning (nausea, vomiting, no diarrhea)
- Abscess (furuncles= than carbuncles=many), imetigo, cellulites, osteomyelitis (septic joint), acute endocarditis, pneumonia
- Superficial-pencilinase resistant penecillin,VANCO if worse
- -due to insertion of material chromosome of large segment of DNA from another sources-makes Pencilin binding protein that inactivates drug
S. saprophytic
- where
- ID
- disease
- trx
The girl in the plumber picture
- normal vaginal tract flora
- resistant to novobiacin
- UTI (young women-possible cystitis)
- Penicillin G
S. epidermis
- where normally
- disease
- -special
- trx
The plumber picture
- skin flora
- opporunittic infections
- -many prosthesises-makes slime that adheres
- often methicillin (+other antibiotics) resistant
GM + Streptococci Facts (6)
- cell is pairs or chains
- facultative aerobes-always use fermentation
- Natural habitat is mucous membranes
- a (turn green/brown due to H2O2), b (ring around-complete hemolysis) , g hemolysis
- catalase negative
- much less hardy than staph
GM + Strep species (6)
S. pyogenes (A) S. agalactiae (B) Enterococcus faecalis/faecium (D) S. pneumonie S. Bovis (S. gallolyticus) Viridans (mitis, mutans, oralis, sanguis, etc)
Streptococcus Pyogenes
- group
- ID
- virulence
- Diseases
- Trx
Group A
The Pie Genies’ Bakery
-Beta hemolytic, sensitive to bacitracin
-M protein-anti-phagocytic/complement+highly variable antigenically (essential for infection), SPE (erythrogenic toxin-Scarlet Fever), Exoenzymes (ECM stuff), Hemolysins (Streptolycin O-O2 sensitive, Streptolysin S-O2 stable)
-Pharyngitis-Purulent strep throat-diagnose with throat culture, Scarlet fever, Impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, Streptococcal TSS (SPE-A super antigen), Acute rheumatic fever (2-3 weeks after strep throat+Ab to M protein cross reacts with heart valves), Acute glomuerlonephritis (week after strep throat or skin infection+kidney injury)
-Penicillin G
S. agalctiae
- Group
- Natural habitat
- ID
- Disease
- Trx
Group B Galactic baby - GU/lower GI tract - Beta hemolytic, positive CAMP test - Septicemia (same thing as bacteremia lol), neonatal sepsis/meningitis -Culture mom/Penicilin G
Enterococcus faecalis/faecium
- group
- differences
- Natural habitat
- ID
- Disease
- Trx
Group D
Protest @ the Caucus
-Faecalis-more common
–Faecium-superbug+bile resistant
-GI tract
-NaCl resistant, usually a or g hemolytic
-UTI, endocarditis, billiary tree infection, bacteremia, usually opportunistic
-UTI/wounds-penicillin, nosocomial-linezolid or tigecycline
S. pneumoniae
- aka
- natural habitat
- ID
- virulence factors
- disease
- Trx + resistance mech
Pneumococci
The Alpha Knight in Tournament
-nasopharynx
-Lancet shaped cells in pairs, optochin sensitive, alpha hemolytic, lysed by bile acids
-Capsule, protease that cleaves IgA dimer (normal form)
-#1 cause of MOPS (meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia (with rust colored sputum), sinusitis
- Erythromycin, Ceftriaxone; recombination of endogenous PBP genes with exogenous genes
Capsule problems
Sickle cell or splenectomy have trouble clearing these infections
S. viridian’s
- aka
- natrual habitat
- ID
- Disease
- Trx
Alpha hemolytic oral streptococci-mitis, mutans, oralis, sanguis, etc
- oral cavity
- alpha hemolytic, resistant to optochin and bile, sensitive to salt, no capsule (vs S. pneumonia)
- Baterial endocarditis (bacteria adhere to to fibrin/platelet aggregates by creating dextran from glucose) and dental caries (mutans and sanguinis)
- penicilin and ahminoglycosides work synergistically (if just ahminoglycosides-resistant)
S. Bovis
- group
- aka
- natural habitat
- ID
- Disease
Group D
No picture
S. gallolyticus
-normal GI flora
-bile resistant, NaCL sensitive, gamma hemolytic (usually)
-Septicemia/endocarditis, infection correlated to colon cancer
