protein synthesis

Question 1

what are the 2 stages in protein synthesis

Answer 1

transcription
translation

Question 2

where does transcription happen

Answer 2

in the nucleus

Question 3

what happens in transcription

Answer 3

a section of DNA is unwound and the 2 strands are separated by an enzyme called RNA polymerase
the enzyme will move through the DNA and create a new complementary strand called mRNA

Question 4

which enzyme is used in protein synthesis

Answer 4

RNA polymerase

Question 5

what is made in transcription

Answer 5

mRNA

Question 6

what does mRNA stand for

Answer 6

messenger RNA

Question 7

what is the difference between a normal strand and an mRNA strand

Answer 7

will have a U base instead of a T

Question 8

what happens in the translation stage of protein synthesis

Answer 8

1. the mRNA will attach to a ribosome which will slowly move across it and read one codon at a time
2. tRNA molecules will bring amino acids to the ribosome that match the codon. as the tRNA must be complementary to the codon for it to match
3. the amino acids are joined together to form a chain of amino acids
4. the tRNA will collect more amino acids
5. this process continues until the;e whole mRNA strand is completed and a full chain is made. the chain will then fold to form the protein

Question 9

what is the name given to a chain of amino acids

Answer 9

polypeptide chain

Question 10

what do you call 3 bases

Answer 10

a codon

Question 11

what does a codon do

Answer 11

it translates to a specific amino acid

Question 12

what does tRNA do

Answer 12

brings the correct amino acid

Question 13

what does tRNA stand for

Answer 13

transfer RNA

Question 14

what is a gene

Answer 14

a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein