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Biology > Non-communicable diseases > Flashcards

Non-communicable diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a non-communicable disease

A

diseases that are not spread by infection

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2
Q

what 5 factors affect the risk of developing a non-communicable disease

A

Genes
Age
Sex
Environmental
Lifestyle factors

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3
Q

how do genes affect the risk of developing non-communicable diseases

A

different alleles may be more prone to mutation or cause certain diseases

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4
Q

how does age affect the risk of developing non-communicable diseases?

A

the older the body, the more likely that cells may develop mutations which lead to cancer

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5
Q

how does sex affect the risk of developing non-communicable diseases

A

the female hormone oestrogen has protective effects that men do not get

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6
Q

how do environmental factors affect the risk of developing non-communicable diseases?

A

factors where you are living such as air pollution can cause lung disease

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7
Q

how does your lifestyle affect the risk of developing non-communicable diseases?

A

the way you live including diet, alcohol, smoking and exercise can affect the risk

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8
Q

give 2 examples of a non-communicable disease

A

cancer
cardiovascular disease
lung/liver diseases
dietary diseases

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9
Q

give 3 lifestyle factors

A

alcohol
smoking
diet

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10
Q

how can alcohol cause non-communicable diseases

A

ethanol in alcohol can be poisonous to cells when absorbed. it will pass through the liver first meaning they are more likely to be damaged and cause liver disease

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11
Q

give 4 reasons why smoking is bad

A
  • nicotine is addictive
  • carbon monoxide in smoke reduces how much oxygen the blood can carry
  • chemicals in tar are carcinogens that can cause cancer
  • can cause cardiovascular disease
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12
Q

what is malnutrition

A

when a person eats too little of a nutrient

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13
Q

what is obesity

A

too much body fat

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14
Q

what 2 measurements can be used to measure obesity

A

BMI
waist: hip

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15
Q

what is the formula for BMI

A

weight/height squared

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16
Q

how is waist to hip ratio calculated

A

waist/hip

17
Q

what does CHD stand for

A

coronary heart disease

18
Q

what are 3 ways to treat coronary heart disease

A

lifestyle changes
medication
surgery

19
Q

what are 4 lifestyle changes a person could do to treat cardiovascular disease

A

give up smoking
take more exercise
eat healthier
lose weight

20
Q

what are 3 benefits of lifestyle changes for cardiovascular disease

A

No side effects
may reduce chances of getting other diseases
cheapest

21
Q

what is a disadvantage of lifestyle changes for cardiovascular disease

A

may take time to work or may not work effectively

22
Q

what is an example medication that can be used to lower cardiovascular disease

A

beta-blockers

23
Q

what are the effects of beta-blockers

A

reduce blood pressure

24
Q

what are 3 positives of using medicines to lower cardiovascular disease

A

start working immediately
easy to do
cheaper and less risky than surgery

25
Q

what are 3 disadvantages of using medicines to lower cardiovascular disease

A

long term
may have side effects
may not work well with other medications the person is taking

26
Q

what are 2 surgeries that can be done to lower cardiovascular heart disease

A

stent
heart bypass

27
Q

what is a stent and when is it used

A

when an artery becomes narrowed, the drop in blood flow can cause damage to tissue beyond blockage. a wireframe called a stent can be inserted into it to widen the artery

28
Q

what is a heart bypass and when is it used

A

when a blood vessel is fully blocked and a new blood vessel is inserted to bypass a blocked artery

29
Q

what is an advantage of using surgery to treat cardiovascular disease

A

long term solution

30
Q

what are 4 disadvantages of using surgery to treat cardiovascular disease

A

risk that the person will not recover after the operation
expensive
difficult to do
can develop an infection after surgery

Biology (15 decks)

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