Growth and repair Flashcards
what are the 2 types of cell division
mitosis and meiosis
what does mitosis create in detail
it creates 2 genetically identically diploid daughter cells
what 3 things are mitosis used for
growth
repair
asexual reproduction
what are the stages of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
cytokinesis
what is interplace
a stage in the life cycle of a cell where the DNA has been copied
what happens in prophase
the nucleic membrane disappears
spindle fibres start forming
what happens in metaphase
spindle fibres the chromosomes all the center of the cell
what happens in anaphase
the spindle fibres pull the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell
what happens in telophase
a new nucleic membranes start to form around the chromosomes
what happens in cytokinesis
the cell splits into 2
what is differentiation
when cells become specialised
what are cancer cells
abnormal cells that divided uncontrollably
what are 4 examples of animal-specialised cells
red blood cells
egg cells
sperm cells
nerve cells
bone cells
muscle cells
what happens after an egg is fertilised
it will divide by mitosis to produce identical cells that will eventually differentiate into different types of cells to make up the whole organism
where does plant mitosis happen
roots and shoots
what happens in the zone of elongation
cells get larger, as their vacuole absorbs water by osmosis
what are 3 examples of specialised plant cells
xylem
phloem
root hair cells
stoma cells
what is the definition of growth
a permanent increase in size
what are percentile charts used for
used to show if a child is growing faster or slower than is normal for their age
what does the 95th percentile say on a percentile chart
95% of babies have a weight less than that
what are stem cells
unspecialised cells that can produce specialised cells
what are the 3 types of stem cells
embryonic stem cells
adult stem cells
meristems
where do you get embryonic stem cells
stem cells that are taken from embryos at a very early stage of cell division
where do you get adult stem cells
found in bone marrow
what are meristems and where are they found
roots and shoots, can divide into any plant cell
what are 3 uses of embryonic stem cells
- replacing or repairing brain cells to treat Parkinson’s
- replacing damaged cells in the retina of the eat to treat some kinds of blindness
- growing new tissue in the lab to use for transplants or drug tests
what are 2 uses of stem cells
treatment of leukimia
to grow new tissues that are genetically matched to the patient
what is the danger of stem cells
may not stop dividing and could cause cancer
what are 2 pros of embryonic stem cells
easy to extract
produce any type of cell
what is a negative of embryonic stem cells
embryo destroyed, ethical problems
what are 2 positives of adult stem cells
no ethical issues
if taken from the person, it will not be rejected by the body
produce only a few types of cells
