Medicines Flashcards

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1
Q

what are medicines

A

chemicals that are used to treat illnesses

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2
Q

what are the 3 steps to testing a new medicine

A

preclinical testing
clinical trials: stage 1
clinical trials: stage 2

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3
Q

what is a preclinical testing

A

where medicines are tested in the lab to make sure that the medicine gets into cells without harming them and damaging pathogens inside cells

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4
Q

what 3 things is the medicine tested on in preclinical testing

A

cell cultures
cultures of tissue
animals

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5
Q

what happened in the stage 1 clinical trials

A

a healthy volunteer is given a very small dose of a drug to check the drug is not toxic to humans

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6
Q

what happened in the stage 2 clinical trials

A

it is tested on a person with the disease to test its efficiency and optimum dose

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7
Q

what is a monoclonal antibody

A

antibodies that carry useful chemical marker

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8
Q

how is a hybridoma cell formed

A

by fusing a cancer cell and a lymphocyte cell

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9
Q

why is a lymphocyte and cancer cell used when making a hybridoma cell

A

lymphocyte cells can make particular antibodies continuously however lymphocytes don’t divide so fusing them with cancer it creates a lymphocyte cell that can divide

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10
Q

what are 3 uses of monoclonal antibodies

A

pregnancy tests
diagnosis of diseases
treatment of diseases

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11
Q

how are monoclonal antibodies used in pregnancy tests

A

the monoclonal antibody will match the hormone found in urine when pregnant and can cause a reaction with an indicator

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12
Q

how are monoclonal antibodies used to diagnose diseases

A

can stick to specific cells that cause disease due to their specific antibodies. and then they can be detected to identify the disease

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13
Q

how are monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of diseases

A

can target specific cells and deliver medicine to them

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