Core

Question 1

what makes up every living organism

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

what are the 5 features that are in both plant and animal cells

Answer 2

cell membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosomes

Question 3

what is the purpose of the cell membrane

Answer 3

controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 4

what is the purpose of the nucleus

Answer 4

a large structure that contains genes and the activities of the cell

Question 5

what is the purpose of the cytoplasm

Answer 5

a jelly-like substance that fills the cell, this is where the reactions happen

Question 6

what is the purpose of the mitochondria

Answer 6

where respiration takes place and releases energy for the cell

Question 7

what is the purpose of the ribosome

Answer 7

where proteins are made

Question 8

what are 3 features that only plant cells have

Answer 8

cell wall
vacuole
chloroplasts

Question 9

where is the cell wall found

Answer 9

outside of the cell (further than the cell membrane)

Question 10

what is the purpose of the vacuole

Answer 10

contains cell sap which helps keep the plant rigid

Question 11

what is the purpose of the cell wall

Answer 11

made of tough cellulose so that it helps support the cell

Question 12

what is the purpose of the chloroplasts

Answer 12

where photosynthesis takes place, contains chlorophyll

Question 13

what are 4 differences between a bacteria cell and an animal cell

Answer 13

have plasmids
no nucleus just a large loop of DNA
flagellum
cell wall

Question 14

what are plasmids

Answer 14

extra circles of DNA that contain additional genes

Question 15

why do bacteria have a cell wall

Answer 15

for protection

Question 15

what is a flagellum and what is its purpose

Answer 15

a tail-like structure that helps them move

Question 16

what is the formula for magnification

Answer 16

magnification = image size/ real size

Question 17

what are the 3 small units starting from millimetres in order

Answer 17

micro
nano
pico

Question 18

What is the difference between micro and pico

Answer 18

• 1000 000

Question 19

what are the 5 pieces of a microscope

Answer 19

eyepiece
objective lens
stage
the fine and coarse focusing wheel

Question 20

what is an enzyme

Answer 20

biological catalysts that are specific to one substrate

Question 21

what 3 factors affect enzymes

Answer 21

temperature
concentration
PH

Question 22

how does temperature affect enzymes

Answer 22

If it is too low - the molecules will not have enough kinetic energy so molecules will take longer to fit into and react in the active site
if temp is too high - the enzymes will start to denature

Question 23

what happens when an enzyme denatures

Answer 23

the shape of the active site changes causing substrates to not fit into it anymore

Question 24

why does after a certain point increasing substrate concentration stop affecting the rate of reaction

Answer 24

all the enzymes will be busy

Question 25

what is catalyst

Answer 25

something that speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up and not changing the product

Question 26

what enzyme breaks down starch

Answer 26

amylase

Question 27

what enzyme breaks down lipids

Answer 27

lipase

Question 28

what enzyme breaks down protein

Answer 28

protease

Question 29

what do carbohydrates/starch break down into

Answer 29

sugars/glucose

Question 30

what do proteins break into

Answer 30

amino acids

Question 31

what do lipids break into

Answer 31

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 32

what are the steps to finding the energy of a sample of food

Answer 32

1. measure the starting temp of the water 2. measure the mass of the food sample 3. set the food alight and place it under the tube 4. calculate the change in temp

Question 33

how much energy does it take to raise the temp of 1cm of water by 1 degree

Answer 33

4.3 Joules

Question 34

what is the formula for how much energy a certain mass of food has

Answer 34

volume * change in temp * 4.2

Question 35

what are the ways that particles move

Answer 35

diffusion active transport osmosis

Question 36

what is diffusion

Answer 36

the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low gradient through a partially permeable membrane

Question 37

what is an example of diffusion in the body

Answer 37

oxygen into cells and CO2 out of cells

Question 38

what is active transport

Answer 38

is the movement of particles against the concentration gradient and requires energy

Question 39

give 2 examples of active transport

Answer 39

root cells absorbing minerals from the soil small intestine cells absorb glucose from digested food in the gut into the body

Question 40

what is osmosis

Answer 40

the diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane