Protein Metabolism - German Flashcards
Name all 5 of the Non-essential amino acids
Glutamate Asparate Asparagine Alanine Serine
Name all 9 ESSENTIAL Aminio acids
Phenylalananine Isoleucine THreonine Tryptophan Histadine Valine Methionine Leucine Lysine
What are the 3 “drivers” of protein oxidation?
- Normal syntheisis & degredation
- Protein rich diet
- Starvation OR diabetes
What are the 4 fates of amino acids?
- protein synthesis
- energy production (catabolized within cell)
- biosynthesis
- Urea excretion (liver)
What is unique about proteins that is different from fats and carbs?
The body has no way of storing extra proteins. So they are excreted if you have excess, where as carbs and lipids are stored in the body.
What do Proteases do? What are 3 common zymogen proteases found in body?
Proteases are enzymes that breakdown proteins
- Trypsinogen
- Chymotrypsinogen
- Procarboxypeptidase
Where in the body does most amino acid catabolism occur?
The liver
What are the 4 metabolically important amino acids?
- Glutamine (from muscle)
- Alanine (from muscle)
- Glutamate (alpha-ketoglutarate)
- Aspartate
Which 2 amino acids come from the muscle and donate an amine group to form Glutamate?
Alanine
Glutamine
What is the name of the enzyme & coenzyme that transfers the amino group from the amino acid to alpha ketoglutarate to form Glutamate?
Enzyme: Amino-Transferase
Coenzyme: Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP)
Why is high amounts of ammonia toxic?
Ammonia disrupts K+ uptake
This disruption causes a high extracellular K+ concentration which prevents GABA inhibition which can cause seiures, oxidative stress and death.
What 2 ways is Glutamine transported to the liver?
- Transported in Blood as Glutamine
- Glucose Alanine Cycle
- Where Alanine is transported in blood
- After entering the liver, transfers amine group to form Glutamate
T or F: The Urea Cycle does not require ATP
False: It does require ATP
Where does Urea cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
What is the end product of the urea cycle
Carbamoyl phosphate
AND
Alanine
What % of urea is excreted by the kidneys? Colon?
Kidneys - 75%
Colon - 25%
In which step in the Urea cycle is Urea produced?
Between Arginine & Ornithine
AKA the Hydrolysis of Arginine
What is the primary step of regulation of the Urea cycle?
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
What is the difference between Glucogenic & Ketogenic amino acids?
Glucogenic: Amino acids that can be converted to glucose
Ketogeni: Amino acids that can be converted to ketone bodies.
Name the 6 amino acids that are degraded to pyruvate?
- Tryptophan
- Threonine
- Alanine
- Cysteine
- Glycine
- Serine
Name the 7 amino acids that are degraded to Acetyl-CoA
- Tryptophan
- Lysine
- Phenylalanine
- Tyrosine
- Leucine
- Isoleucine
- Threonine
T or F: Tryptophan is degraded into Pyruvat, Acetyl-CoA & Alpha Ketoglutarate
False - only into Pyruvate & Acetyle Co-A
T or F Lysine is more energy producing than Glutamine
True
Name all amino acids that are degraded to alpha ketoglutarate
Glutamate Glutamine Proline Arginine Histidine
Amino acids degraded to Succinyl-CoA
Methionine
Isoleucine
Valine
Threonine
Oxaloacetate
Asparagine
Aspartate
Which of the following amino acids is the LEAST energy producing
Methionine Proline Arginine Aspartate Alanine
Aspartate
Does the glucos - alanine cycle occur in aerobic or anaerobic states?
Anaerobic states
