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HFF - Exam III > Protein Metabolism - German > Flashcards

Protein Metabolism - German Flashcards

1
Q

Name all 5 of the Non-essential amino acids

A 
Glutamate 
Asparate
Asparagine
Alanine
Serine
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2
Q

Name all 9 ESSENTIAL Aminio acids

A 
Phenylalananine
Isoleucine
THreonine
Tryptophan
Histadine
Valine
Methionine
Leucine
Lysine
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3
Q

What are the 3 “drivers” of protein oxidation?

A
  1. Normal syntheisis & degredation
  2. Protein rich diet
  3. Starvation OR diabetes
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4
Q

What are the 4 fates of amino acids?

A
  1. protein synthesis
  2. energy production (catabolized within cell)
  3. biosynthesis
  4. Urea excretion (liver)
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5
Q

What is unique about proteins that is different from fats and carbs?

A

The body has no way of storing extra proteins. So they are excreted if you have excess, where as carbs and lipids are stored in the body.

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6
Q

What do Proteases do? What are 3 common zymogen proteases found in body?

A

Proteases are enzymes that breakdown proteins

  1. Trypsinogen
  2. Chymotrypsinogen
  3. Procarboxypeptidase
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7
Q

Where in the body does most amino acid catabolism occur?

A

The liver

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8
Q

What are the 4 metabolically important amino acids?

A
  1. Glutamine (from muscle)
  2. Alanine (from muscle)
  3. Glutamate (alpha-ketoglutarate)
  4. Aspartate
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9
Q

Which 2 amino acids come from the muscle and donate an amine group to form Glutamate?

A

Alanine

Glutamine

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10
Q

What is the name of the enzyme & coenzyme that transfers the amino group from the amino acid to alpha ketoglutarate to form Glutamate?

A

Enzyme: Amino-Transferase

Coenzyme: Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP)

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11
Q

Why is high amounts of ammonia toxic?

A

Ammonia disrupts K+ uptake

This disruption causes a high extracellular K+ concentration which prevents GABA inhibition which can cause seiures, oxidative stress and death.

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12
Q

What 2 ways is Glutamine transported to the liver?

A
  1. Transported in Blood as Glutamine
  2. Glucose Alanine Cycle
    - Where Alanine is transported in blood
    - After entering the liver, transfers amine group to form Glutamate
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13
Q

T or F: The Urea Cycle does not require ATP

A

False: It does require ATP

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14
Q

Where does Urea cycle occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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15
Q

What is the end product of the urea cycle

A

Carbamoyl phosphate

AND

Alanine

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16
Q

What % of urea is excreted by the kidneys? Colon?

A

Kidneys - 75%

Colon - 25%

17
Q

In which step in the Urea cycle is Urea produced?

A

Between Arginine & Ornithine

AKA the Hydrolysis of Arginine

18
Q

What is the primary step of regulation of the Urea cycle?

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

19
Q

What is the difference between Glucogenic & Ketogenic amino acids?

A

Glucogenic: Amino acids that can be converted to glucose

Ketogeni: Amino acids that can be converted to ketone bodies.

20
Q

Name the 6 amino acids that are degraded to pyruvate?

A
  1. Tryptophan
  2. Threonine
  3. Alanine
  4. Cysteine
  5. Glycine
  6. Serine
21
Q

Name the 7 amino acids that are degraded to Acetyl-CoA

A
  1. Tryptophan
  2. Lysine
  3. Phenylalanine
  4. Tyrosine
  5. Leucine
  6. Isoleucine
  7. Threonine
22
Q

T or F: Tryptophan is degraded into Pyruvat, Acetyl-CoA & Alpha Ketoglutarate

A

False - only into Pyruvate & Acetyle Co-A

23
Q

T or F Lysine is more energy producing than Glutamine

A

True

24
Q

Name all amino acids that are degraded to alpha ketoglutarate

A 
Glutamate
Glutamine 
Proline
Arginine 
Histidine
25
Q

Amino acids degraded to Succinyl-CoA

A

Methionine
Isoleucine
Valine
Threonine

26
Q

Oxaloacetate

A

Asparagine

Aspartate

27
Q

Which of the following amino acids is the LEAST energy producing

Methionine 
Proline
Arginine
Aspartate
Alanine
A

Aspartate

28
Q

Does the glucos - alanine cycle occur in aerobic or anaerobic states?

A

Anaerobic states

HFF - Exam III (18 decks)

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